基于宁静评级预测模型的北京城区公园绿地边界区域植物组成对城市宁静感影响探讨

宁静的环境具有恢复性可以缓解日常生活的压力。人体主要通过感官（听觉和视觉）信息对外部的宁静程度进行感知。已有研究表明绿地可以增强宁静程度,从而对城市环境以及人体健康起作用。公园绿地边界区域处于城市与公园绿地的过渡区易受交通噪声与城市建筑视觉等影响,为提升公园绿地边界区域的宁静程度,探究植物组成与宁静环境的关系,本文以北京城区6处公园绿地边界区域为研究对象,1)引入宁静评级预测模型从视觉和听觉综合量化评价公园绿地边界区域的宁静程度。2)通过抽样调查游客主观感受验证宁静评级预测模型,初步得出营造城市宁静环境边界群落的优化提升策略。     

Finding the numerical compensation in multiple criteria decision-making problems under fuzzy environment

In this paper, we have developed a methodology to derive the level of compensation numerically in multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems under fuzzy environment. The degree of compensation is dependent on the tranquility and anxiety level experienced by the decision-maker while taking the decision. Higher tranquility leads to the higher realisation of the compensation whereas the increased level of anxiety reduces the amount of compensation in the decision process. This work determines the level of tranquility (or anxiety) using the concept of fuzzy sets and its various level sets. The concepts of indexing of fuzzy numbers, the risk barriers and the tranquility level of the decision-maker are used to derive his/her risk prone or risk averse attitude of decision-maker in each criterion. The aggregation of the risk levels in each criterion gives us the amount of compensation in the entire MCDM problem. Inclusion of the compensation leads us to model the MCDM problem as binary integer programming problem (BIP). The solution to BIP gives us the compensatory decision to MCDM. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a numerical example.     

建筑宁静的诠释与创造

建筑的宁静 ,既是一种景观 ,也是一种理想和文化 ;建筑的宁静 ,既是一种神态和心情 ,又是一种信念和境界 ;建筑的宁静 ,既是一种特色和风格 ,又是一种历史和传统 ;建筑的宁静 ,既表现在建筑的单体的庄重与雅致 ,又表现在建筑的群体的浪漫与协调 ;建筑的宁静 ,既蕴含着人类对理想居住的追求 ,也包含着人们对自然的尊重。本文在对建筑的宁静加以分析的基础上 ,提出了创造建筑宁静的创作建议 ,对高等建筑教育尤其是建筑学教育具有一定意义。     

采用油气悬架的汽车起重机平顺性试验分析

本文采用室内台架试验的方法，通过对某型采用油气悬架的汽车起重机按标准路谱进行整车道路模拟试验的方式来研究车辆平顺性性能，克服了实际路面试验不可重复性等困难，并对采用油气悬架系统车辆平顺性进行评价。用这种试验的方法同时获取了许多重要的数据，为研究采用油气悬架车辆的其它性能提供了一种新的途径。