Fair‐Weather Friends: Evidence of Lipoxin Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration

Lipoxins (LXs) are autacoids, specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) acting locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. They belong to a complex superfamily of dietary small polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–metabolites, which direct potent cellular responses to resolve inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. Together, these SPM activities have been intensely studied in systemic inflammation and acute injury or infection, but less is known about LX signaling and activities in the central nervous system. LXs are derived from arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 PUFA. In addition to well‐established roles in systemic inflammation resolution, they have increasingly become implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and dysregulated LX production and activities have been reported in a variety of AD rodent models and clinical tissue samples, yet with complex and sometimes conflicting results. In addition, reduced LX production following retinal injury has been reported recently by the authors, and an intriguing direct neuronal activity promoting survival and homeostasis in retinal and cortical neurons is demonstrated. Here, the authors review and clarify this growing literature and suggest new research directions to further elaborate the role of lipoxins in neurodegeneration.     

Ultrasound‐activated Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with carbonylic compounds catalysed by alkaline‐doped saponites

α,β‐Unsaturated nitriles have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of a carbonylic compound with malononitrile, assisted by sonochemical irradiation. Two alkaline‐promoted clays (Li⁺‐ and Cs⁺‐exchanged saponites) have been employed as catalysts. The influence of the carbonylic compound (benzaldehyde or cyclohexanone) and the use of a solvent on the catalytic activity have been studied. Remarkable increase in the conversion values has been found when the reaction is activated by ultrasound, as compared with the thermal activation. In this green, solvent‐free procedure, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles have been produced in very high yields (97%) when the Cs⁺‐saponite is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Significance of fluid regime in biological filtration

A dispersed flow model previously developed to study substrate utilization in unsaturated media was experimentally verified and its practical application was considered. For this purpose, measurements were made using tap water and a synthetic feed solution. The importance of the change in fluid regime as regards to the simultaneous transport and reaction within biological filters were demonstrated. The effect of drop formation and the breakage of liquid jets inside the filters on substrate utilization was also shown.     

Study on phase behavior–impact strength relationship of unsaturated polyester/polyurethane hybrid polymer network

The phase behavior of a hybrid polymer network (HPN) composed of poly[(propylene glycol maleate)-co-(propylene glycol phthalate)] crosslinked with styrene and polyester–urethane crosslinked with methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline was examined. The correlation between phase separation and impact strength of the HPNs is discussed. The composition of HPNs has an effect on their properties.     

对苯型不饱和聚酯树脂的合成

以对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、丙二醇、富马酸及苯甲酸为原料,在辛酸亚锡作催化剂的条件下,采用直接酯化法合成了不饱和聚酯树脂,探讨了合成反应条件及不饱和聚酯与苯乙烯的相容性。     

不饱和聚酯树脂光固化工艺的研究-光引发剂浓度

本文选用TPO、651两种光引发剂，分别配制引发剂浓度为0．25、0．5、1、2wt％的不饱和聚酯体系。通过测定光固化试样的显微硬度分析光引发剂浓度对固化程度的影响。结果表明，提高引发剂浓度能抑制氧阻聚的作用，但对于较厚的试样，引发剂浓度过高会导致固化不完全。     

新疆某黄土的土水特征及其分形描述

本研究采用新疆某引水渠道边坡的黄土填料进行土水特征曲线试验,研究压实度和应力水平对土料的土水特征的影响规律。针对试验结果,本研究首先采用经典的van Genuchten模型进行曲线拟合。然后采用分形理论进行土水特征曲线的比较分析。结果表明:(1)随着压实度的增加,土水特征曲线向下移动;随着轴向应力的增加,土水特征曲线也会有所下移;(2)相应于孔隙分布,该土料的土水特征曲线具有明显的分形特性;(3)在相同压实度下,不同应力水平的SWCC分形拟合基本平行。采用本文所述的分形方法,在已知不同应力水平下的孔隙率时,可较为合理的从一个应力水平下的土水特征曲线推求其它应力水平下的土水特征曲线。     

双环戊二烯改性不饱和聚酯树脂研究进展

较详细地介绍了双环戊二烯改性不饱和聚酯树脂的机理、合成路线(初始法、半酯化法、酸酐法、后期法、封端法和水解法)及国内外双环戊二烯改性不饱和聚酯树脂在气干性、低苯乙烯挥发、低收缩性与力学性能方面的研究进展,提出了今后的研究方向。     

FTIR光谱法原位快速跟踪不饱和聚酯树脂的固化反应

用富里哀变换红外光谱法原位跟踪不饱和聚酯树脂固化反应的动态过程。该方法能直接反映分子结构的变化,迅速准确地采集数据,尤其适用于快速反应体系。     

气干型不饱和聚酯树脂

气干型不饱和聚酯树脂是常温交联的热固性树脂。其性能优良，光泽度高，丰满度好，是优良的饰面材料。它的组成的原子灰，是理想的更新换代产品，广泛适合于金属基材的嵌填。