Desilication from illite by thermochemical activation

Illite occurs widely in bauxite ores and results in low alumina grade of the ores. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) show the OH groups split off from the structural framework of illite between 500 ℃ and 700 ℃. With the increase in temperature up to about 1 100 ℃, the layer structure of illite breaks up and Si in the layers is transformed into the amorphous state. Meanwhile, mullite comes out at 1 100 ℃. Quartz occurring in illite keeps unchanged in structure in the range of 500 -1 200 ℃. A desilication process from illite by thermochemical activation followed by alkali leaching is therefore developed on the basis of the behavior that amorphous silica is alkali soluble. The investigation finds that the optimum parameters for desilication are activation temperature of 1 100 - 1 150 ℃, activation time of 90 - 120 min, leaching temperature of 95 - 110 ℃, leaching time of 90 - 120 min and concentration of caustic soda (Na2Ok) 120 - 150 g/L. An overall desilication about 45% is attained under these conditions. XRD analysis confirms that the active amorphous SiO2 has been dissolved in the alkali solution and removed from the samples, while quartz and mullite have not. The investigation also shows that the formation of mullite during activation and formation of sodium hydroalu minosilicates (Na96 Al96 Si96 O384 and 0.95Na2 O · Al2 O3 · 3.25SiO2 · 4.79 H2 O) during leaching lead to the relatively low desilication of illite.     

林业生物质热化学转化利用研究现状

生物质是唯一可转化成常规的固态、液态和气态燃料以及其它化工原料或产品的可再生碳资源.随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质资源以其可再生、资源丰富、分布广泛、CO₂零排放等优点日益成为国内外众多学者研究的热点.热化学高效转化利用技术的研究是生物质能源开发利用的最主要途径.作者对近年来国内外生物质热化学转化技术的最近研究进展进行综述,从我国实际情况出发,对生物质能源热化学转化的发展趋势进行预测,提出我国生物质能源研究开发利用的发展前景和建议.     

直接热化学液化法污泥制油技术研究进展

阐述了国内外利用直接热化学液化法处理污泥的研究进展和应用前景,并介绍了将其转化为油的典型液化工艺及其影响油产量的主要因素,阐明此种方法的发展趋势,并指出资源化利用和能源回收应该是今后污泥处置的方向．     

热化学破乳对弱碱三元复合驱乳状液破乳效果影响研究

弱碱三元复合驱采出液乳化严重,油水分离的速度及程度,影响其经济效益.采用恒温静沉分离、多重光散射仪、脱水率等手段,研究了加热条件下清水型、聚醚型、多乙烯多胺型破乳剂对大庆油田某弱碱三元复合驱乳状液的破乳效果.结果 表明,在加热条件下,3类破乳剂对弱碱三元复合驱均有不同程度的破乳效果,3类破乳剂中100#(聚醚型)破乳剂的破乳脱水速率较快.温度越高,破乳速率越高,乳状液的分离效果越好,温度升高至55℃时,出现极值温度点,乳状液的破乳效果最好,温度继续升高,乳状液反而出现乳化现象.10#聚醚型破乳剂在10mg· L-1油相、水相具有良好的破乳效果,适合大庆油田某区块弱碱三元复合驱采出液破乳.     

机械热化学法制备纳米W-Cu复合粉末及其烧结性能研究

WO3和CuO原料粉末经气流粉碎后,在H2气氛中进行共还原,制得了Cu含量为20%(wt%)的纳米W-Cu复合粉末;通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法研究分析所制备W-Cu粉末的烧结行为和烧结体性能.结果表明:气流粉碎可以明显地降低WO3和CuO的粒度;通过对气流粉碎氧化物粉末进行共还原,可获得粒度为50～100nm的W-Cu复合粉末.该粉末烧结活性较高,其成形压坯在1200℃下于H2气氛中烧结后相对密度可达98%以上,且烧结体晶粒细小均匀.其抗弯强度和维氏硬度分别超过1000MPa和300MPa,电导率高于35%IACS.     

Thermochemistry on coordination behavior of samaric chloride hydrate with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate

The complex of samaric chloride lower hydrate-with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (D-DDC) was synthesized conveniently in absolute alcohol and dry N2 atmosphere. The title complex was identified as Et2NH2[Sm(S2CNEt2)4] by chemical and elemental analyses, the bonding characteristics of which was characterized by IR.T he enthalpies of solution of samaric chloride hydrate and D-DDC in absolute alcohol at 298.15 K and the enthalpies change of liquid-phase reaction of formation for Et2NH2[Sm(S2CNEt2)4] at different temperatures were determined by microcalorimetry. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamic parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy, and the activation free energy), the rate constant, and three kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant, and the reaction order) of liquid phase reaction of formation were obtained. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase title reaction at 298.15 K was calculated by a thermochemical cycle.     

热化学硫碘制氢中碘化氢催化分解的实验研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,将Pt掺杂进入Ce0.50Zr0.49和Ce0.50Zn0.49基体,制备了1% Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zr0.49和Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zn0.49 2种催化剂,催化剂通过BET、XRD和SEM进行了特性表征,同时通过碘化氢催化分解实验系统对其分解HI的催化性能进行评价.柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法可以形成较为完整的Ce-Zr固溶体,但没有形成Ce-Zn固溶体,催化剂中的Pt主要以金属态存在.Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zr0.49物质形态相对比较致密,空隙较少,孔径也比较小,Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zn0.49由微米级别的致密晶粒ZnO和尺寸更小结构相对比较疏松的晶粒CeO2共同组成,比表面积和平均孔径更大.在450℃以下,文献[1]中的催化剂表现出更好的催化效果,但随着温度的进一步升高,催化剂Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zr0.49和Pt0.01/Ce0.50Zn0.49表现出更好的效果,在550℃时,HI分解率分别达到了32.9%和33.75%.     

600 MW机组锅炉的热化学试验

文章介绍了600 MW机组锅炉热化学试验工作的过程以及对各试验工况数据曲线的分析,并提出了改善锅炉化学运行工况的建议.     

Refinement of packet size in low carbon bainitic steel by special thermo-mechanical control process

The packet size of bainitic steel can be refined by a special relaxation-precipitation-control phase transformation (RPC) technology, When processed by RPC process, the low carbon bainitic steel composes of two kinds of main intermediate transformation phases. One is ultra-fine lath-like bainitic ferrite and the lath is less than 1 tam in width and about 6 tam in length; the alignment of laths forms a refined packet, and the size of packets is about 5-7 ~am in length and about 3-4 tam in width, The other is acicular structure. The morphology and distribution of these acicular structures are influenced by relaxation process, the thin and short acicular structures cut the prior austenite grain and refine the bainitic packet size, For the optimum relaxation time, the packet size can be refined to the finest. The mechanical properties are influenced by relaxation time and the 800 MPa grade low carbon bainitic steel with excellent toughness can be obtained by RPC process,     

木材热解过程的热化学平衡分析

基于Gibbs自由能最小化法,利用HSC Chemistry软件对木材热解过程进行了热化学平衡计算。讨论了温度对热化学平衡产物组成和比例的影响,并把热解过程划分为4个阶段。首次根据自发反应的判据即反应的Gibbs自由能变与温度关系讨论了产物相互之间反应,由此确定热解各个阶段可能发生的反应。最后总结了文献中实验研究温度对木材热解产物影响情况,并与计算结果比较,结果表明,所预测的不同温度下木材热解产物分布特性与前人的实验结果相似。