Copper bioavailability from breakfasts containing tea. Influence of the addition of milk

The influence of drinking tea on copper bioavailability is unclear, particularly when tea is consumed with food. A breakfast meal containing white bread, margarine, strawberry jam, cheese and tea, with or without milk, was digested in; vitro and the dialysis of copper investigated. Reference breakfasts were prepared with water and water with milk. Copper dialysability (percentage of copper dialysed) was markedly increased by tea. The influence of adding milk to tea was not significant. A second study was carried out in rats using the breakfasts containing tea and water. They were spiked with ⁶⁴Cu and given orally to the animals in a single dose. Whole-body ⁶⁴Cu retention was measured over a 4-day period after administration. In order to determine the true absorption of ⁶⁴Cu a control group of rats received the dose intraperitioneally. The results in vivo indicate a tendency to higher absorption and retention of ⁶⁴Cu with tea. Liver ⁶⁴Cu retention was significantly elevated by tea. Therefore, the presence of tea in a breakfast meal favours the formation of soluble low-molecular-weight ligands which can be absorbed and retained by rats. The concomitant increase in liver copper retetition may be associated with higher bioavailability and/or lower copper mobilisation.     

基于MC9S12NE64的以太网测控系统的设计

嵌入式测控系统是当前工业自动化测控应用领域研究的热点之一。本文利用Freescale公司的MC9S12NE64MCU,运用其内部10位A/D模块,进行数据采集,并通过其集成的以太网网络模块实现了数据上传和远程控制。     

MODBUS协议在光伏并网系统中的应用

设计了一套光伏并网系统,该系统包括逆变模块和人机接口模块,通过MODBUS协议来实现两个模块的通信.给出了系统的硬件结构图,分析了MODBUS协议的特点,详细介绍了协议的软件实现,列出了关键部分代码.     

船舶机舱监控系统以太网／RS485转换接口设计

研制了船舶监控系统以太网/RS485转换接口,为船舶机舱设备运行状况信息的网络传输提供了切实可行的方法.以ATmega64单片机为控制核心,基于SN65HVD3082E实现RS485通讯、硬件协议栈芯片W3100A实现以太网接口设计,详细介绍了以太网接口的硬件及软件实现.     

On mesh restrictions to satisfy comparison principles,maximum principles,and the non-negative constraint: Recent developments and new results

This article concerns mesh restrictions that are needed to satisfy several important mathematical properties—maximum principles, comparison principles, and the nonnegative constraint—for a general linear second-order elliptic partial differential equation. We critically review some recent developments in the field of discrete maximum principles, derive new results, and discuss some possible future research directions in this area. In particular, we derive restrictions for a three-node triangular (T3) element and a four-node quadrilateral (Q4) element to satisfy comparison principles, maximum principles, and the nonnegative constraint under the standard single-field Galerkin formulation. Analysis is restricted to uniformly elliptic linear differential operators in divergence form with Dirichlet boundary conditions specified on the entire boundary of the domain. Various versions of maximum principles and comparison principles are discussed in both continuous and discrete settings. In the literature, it is well-known that an acute-angled triangle is sufficient to satisfy the discrete weak maximum principle for pure isotropic diffusion. Herein, we show that this condition can be either too restrictive or not sufficient to satisfy various discrete principles when one considers anisotropic diffusivity, advection velocity field, or linear reaction coefficient. Subsequently, we derive appropriate restrictions on the mesh for simplicial (e.g., T3 element) and nonsimplicial (e.g., Q4 element) elements. Based on these conditions, an iterative algorithm is developed to construct simplicial meshes that preserve discrete maximum principles using existing open source mesh generators. Various numerical examples based on different types of triangulations are presented to show the pros and cons of placing restrictions on a computational mesh. We also quantify local and global mass conservation errors using representative numerical examples and illustrate the performance of metric.     

Observer-based networked control for continuous-time systems with random sensor delays

This paper is concerned with the networked control system design for continuous-time systems with random measurement, where the measurement channel is assumed to subject to random sensor delay. A design scheme for the observer-based output feedback controller is proposed to render the closed-loop networked system exponentially mean-square stable with H_∞ performance requirement. The technique employed is based on appropriate delay systems approach combined with a matrix variable decoupling technique. The design method is fulfilled through solving linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is used to verify the effectiveness and the merits of the present results.     

在静态编译器中实现Java异常机制的算法

将Java程序静态编译成可执行程序是使用Java虚拟机动态编译／解释执行Java程序的另一种运行Java程序的方式。针对Java异常机制的特点和静态编译的需求,在介绍Java异常处理逻辑的基础上,提出一种在静态编译器中实现Java异常机制的算法,结合Open64开源编译器,给出该算法的具体步骤以及实现方式,以SPECjvm98为测试集,验证该算法的有效性。