巴彦浩特探区钻井液技术初探

巴彦浩特探区钻井液工艺技术的重点是，解决疏松砂砾岩地层水涌漏同层、侏罗系地层水的HCO3^-污染及可能出现的火成岩地层井塌复杂。结合内蒙古巴彦浩特探区地层和井身结构特点，采用了两性聚合物／氯化钾钻井液和氯化钾／石膏-聚磺钻井液体系。该体系抑制能力强，性能稳定．容易实现低固相、低密度近平衡钻井，保护储层效果好。对复杂情况采取了有针对性的处理办法：平稳操作和合理的钻井工程措施是预防水层涌漏同层和火成岩井塌复杂的重要手段；用井场易得的固井水泥或石膏配合烧碱处理HCO3^-污染简便易行；处理火成岩井塌复杂，控制合适的钻井液性能是必要的。     

碱金属在白云鄂博铁精矿还原中的催化作用研究

利用失重法对碳的气化反应、CO气体以及碳还原白云鄂博铁精矿进行了实验,使用矿相、XRD分析了还原后样品的相组成与显微结构。研究结果表明：加入催化剂后,碳的气化反应速率和铁精矿还原速率提高,且K2CO3和Na2CO3的催化效果明显优于CaCO3的催化效果。催化剂的加入有助于碳的活性提高,加速了碳的气化反应,从而促进了白云鄂博铁精矿还原反应进行。     

Trace and Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Micrite Mound Carbonates and Other Related REE Mineralized Carbonates from Bayan Obo Area in Inner Mongolia

Whatismicritemound?Itisthegeological body,whichismadefrommicro carbonate,micro andothersubstancesformedataspecificenviron ment,whoseshapeislikesmallhill[1,2].However, itcannotbefoundinthepre Cambriansedimentary rocksduetotheverystrongalterationduringthe…     

A novel approach for recovery of rare earths and niobium from Bayan Obo tailings

It is difficult to economically recover rare earths (RE) and niobium (Nb) from Bayan Obo tailings by the existing metallurgical processes. In this study, a novel hydrometallurgy process was employed for separating and recovering RE and Nb from Bayan Obo tailings. Firstly, by sulfating roasting at 250 °C and subsequent leaching at 60 °C, the RE and Nb present in the polymetallic minerals can be efficiently extracted into the leach solution. Secondly, after the reduction of Ti⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions (to Ti³⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions) with iron powders followed by hydrolysis at pH 2.01, the Nb can be efficiently precipitated from the leach solution. The impurities present in the precipitated product can then be removed by treating with NH₃⋅H₂O–H₂C₂O₄ system at pH 4.50. Thirdly, the RE can be efficiently precipitated at pH 7.15 from the filtrate of above hydrolysis reaction mixture. Finally, the impurities present in the crude RE can be removed by oxalate co-precipitation method. The yield of RE and Nb in this novel process reaches up to 90% and 78%, respectively. Both the Nb (60.67 wt% Nb₂O₅) and RE products (>88.65 wt% RE_xO_y) have high application value.     

内蒙古查干敖包铁锌矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

查干敖包铁锌矿床地处二连—东乌旗成矿带东段,为典型的矽卡岩型铁锌矿床。该矿床经历了干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、湿矽卡岩-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)等4个成矿阶段。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温学研究表明:成矿早期,流体为高温(348℃~523℃)、高低盐度(2.89%~60.44%)并存的NaCl-H 2O体系,氢、氧同位素组成指示其来自岩浆热液;在上升过程中,随着温度、压力的减小,成矿流体发生了多期次的沸腾作用,高氧逸度时(成矿Ⅱ阶段)Fe元素大量沉淀成矿,低氧逸度时(成矿Ⅲ阶段)Zn元素大量富集成矿;成矿晚期,大气降水混入残余流体中,成矿流体转变为低温(112℃~234℃)、低盐度(3.21%~7.99%)的NaCl-H 2O体系。     

白云鄂博云母型低品位稀土-铁矿石选矿试验研究

针对白云鄂博铁精矿杂质含量高的问题,进行分类选矿。以云母型低品位铁-稀土矿石为对象,原矿TFe品位17.48%,主要以磁铁矿和赤铁矿形式存在,且细粒级中分布率较高。通过阶段磨矿-弱磁选回收磁性铁,弱磁尾矿强磁-磨矿-强磁-反浮选回收弱磁性氧化铁工艺,在最佳条件下获得TFe品位为65.49%,产率为20.85%,回收率为66.77%的铁精矿,对该矿石的开发利用具有借鉴意义。     

白云鄂博矿区富钾板岩中稀土铌矿物特征研究*

采用主要化学成分分析、自动矿物分析系统、偏反光显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪等手段对白云鄂博矿区内富钾板岩化学成分、矿物组成以及稀土铌矿物特征等方面进行研究。结果显示,白云鄂博矿区内富钾板岩K2O含量高达13.15%,高SiO2富Al2O3,岩石主要由微斜长石与黑云母组成;富钾板岩中REO与Nb2O5含量分别为0.076%、0.012%,稀土、铌矿物含量低且粒度细小,形态产状多种多样,矿物共生组合与接触关系复杂,指示富钾板岩遭受了后期热液的蚀变改造作用。     

白云鄂博霓石型低品位铁-稀土矿石矿选矿试验研究

针对白云鄂博混合型铁-稀土矿石生产的铁精矿和稀土精矿回收率低、杂质含量高的问题,按照矿石类型进行分类选别。以霓石型低品位铁-稀土矿石为对象,在系统研究其矿石性质的基础上进行回收铁、稀土的选矿试验。研究结果表明,原矿中TFe品位为17.50%,稀土REO品位为8.43%,主要的铁矿物为磁铁矿,氟碳铈矿和独居石是主要的稀土矿物;脉石矿物主要是霓石、重晶石和方解石等;通过磨矿-两段弱磁选-再磨-弱磁选回收铁,在一段磨矿细度-0.074mm 90%、粗选磁场强度和精选磁场强度分别为112kA/m和96kA/m、再磨细度和再磨磁场强度为-0.045 4mm 90%和96kA/m的条件下获得TFe品位65.83%、TFe回收率69.86%的铁精矿;选铁尾矿在浮选温度60℃、水玻璃用量2.1kg/t、捕收剂H205用量1.0kg/t的条件下经一次粗选、两次扫选的闭路试验可获得REO品位为50.89%,回收率为63.17%的稀土精矿。研究结果为白云鄂博矿的分类选矿提供技术借鉴。     

复杂难选矿石深度还原技术应用研究现状

本文介绍了处理复杂难选矿石的新工艺——深度还原技术,并归纳总结了深度还原技术在处理鲕状赤铁矿、白云鄂博氧化矿和红土镍矿几种公认的复杂难选矿石中的应用研究现状,指出了该工艺的发展方向。通过与其他方法的对比分析,得出深度还原技术在对我国复杂难选矿石的开发利用过程中优越性较为明显,为处理复杂难选矿石开辟了一个新的途径。     

In-situ measurement of mineral phase transition and kinetics in roasting process of Bayan Obo mixed rare earth concentrate by sodium carbonate

In this study, the Bayan Obo rare earth concentrates mixed with Na₂CO₃ were used for roasting research. The phase change process of each firing stage was analyzed. The kinetic mechanism model of the continuous heating process was calculated. This study aims to recover valuable elements and optimize the production process to provide a certain theoretical basis. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, the reaction process and the existence of mineral phases were analyzed. The variable temperature XRD and thermogravimetric method were used to calculate the roasting kinetics. The phase transition results show that carbonate-like substances first decompose into fine mineral particles, and CaO, MgO, and SiO₂ react to form silicates, causing hardening. Further, REPO₄ and NaF can directly generate CeF₃ and CeF₄ at high temperatures, and a part of CeF₄ and NaF forms a solid solution substance Na₃CeF₇. Rare earth oxides calcined at a high temperature of 750 °C were separated to produce Ce_0.6Nd_0.4O_1.8, Ce₄O₇, and LaPrO_3+x. Then, BaSO₄, Na₂CO₃, and Fe₂O₃ react to form barium ferrite BaFe₁₂O₁₉; the kinetic calculation results show that during the continuous heating process, the apparent activation energy E reaches the minimum in the entire reaction stage in the temperature range of 440–524 °C, and the reaction order n reaches the maximum, which indicates that the decomposition product REFO significantly impacts the reaction system and reduces the activation energy. The mechanism function is F(α) = [?ln (1?α)]^1/3. The reaction order n reaches the minimum in the temperature range of 680–757 °C, and the apparent activation energy E is large. The difficulty of the reaction increases during the final stage. The reaction mechanism function is F(α) = [1?(1?α)^1/3]². Observing the entire reaction stage, the step of controlling the reaction rate changes from random nucleation to three-dimensional diffusion (spherical symmetry).