Glucosinolate levels in cotyledons of mustard,Brassica juncea L. and rape,B. napus L. do not determine feeding rates of flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze)

Sinigrin (allyl glucosinolate), the major glucosinolate in the cotyledons ofBrassica juncea cv. Cutlass, occurred in the highest concentration and amount at seedling emergence and declined during growth. Glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate), the major glucosinolate in the cotyledons ofB. napus cv. Westar, occurred in the lowest concentration and amount at seedling emergence. The amount of glucobrassicin per cotyledon pair increased about fourfold during 14 days of growth, but its concentration remained relatively unchanged because of dilution by increasing cotyledon biomass. These different glucosinolate profiles indicate a different metabolic control and different biological function for sinigrin and glucobrassicin. The flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze, does not discriminate between cotyledons having sinigrin or glucobrassicin since the two crucifers were fed upon equally in choice tests. Restricting the concentration of sulfur in the nutrient medium accelerated the decline of sinigrin inB. juncea cv. Cutlass but did not alter the feeding rate ofP. cruciferae compared to controls. Sulfur restriction reduced glucobrassicin inB. napus cv. Westar to undetectable levels and somewhat reduced the feeding rate of P.Cruciferae. Nevertheless,P. cruciferae still fed actively on cotyledons ofB. napus cv. Westar depleted of glucosinolates and severely damaged many of them. Since glucosinolate type and concentration had little effect on feeding response, reduction or elimination of foliar glucosinolates alone would not seem a useful strategy for protecting seedlings of these two crucifers from flea beetle damage.     

硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜嫁接植株下部叶片矿质养分含量的影响

土壤培养条件下,研究缺硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种及其相互嫁接植株下部叶片硼及其它矿质养分含量的影响。结果表明,缺硼条件下,硼高效油菜品种青油10号（QY10）下部叶片硼含量最高,低效品种Bakow（Ba）最低,嫁接植株介于高效品种与低效品种之间。推断甘蓝型油菜下部叶片硼含量受根系（砧木品种）和地上部（接穗品种）共同影响。硼对油菜下部叶片其它矿质元素影响的受控部位不完全相同,缺硼对氮、磷、钙和锌的影响主要取决于地上部,与根系关系相对较小,对钾的影响主要由根系决定,而对镁、锰、铁、铜的影响不明确,可能受地上部和根系共同控制。     

氮磷钾肥对迟直播油菜产量和品质的影响

以甘蓝型油菜品种中双10号（ZS10）和中油杂5号（ZYZ5）为材料,研究迟直播条件下氮、磷、钾的＂3414＂肥料效应,确定最佳施肥量以减少迟直播对油菜产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明,各施肥处理对总生育期和苗期各指标影响不大。ZS10的主花序长、总角果数、千粒重与氮肥显著相关;ZYZ5的实际产量与氮肥显著相关。磷肥与各性状间关系不显著;钾肥与ZS10的每角果粒数、ZYZ5的实际产量达到显著相关。随着氮肥增加,菜籽含油量下降而蛋白质增加;磷肥对菜籽蛋白质含量和含油量影响不大;适量的钾肥有利于含油量的增加但对蛋白质含量影响较小。     

三种氮素营养快速诊断方法在油菜上的适宜性分析

通过大田试验研究SPAD仪（叶绿素仪）法、硝酸盐反射仪法和光谱仪法在油菜氮素营养快速诊断上的适宜性。试验设施氮0、60、120、180、240、300和400kg/hm2处理,在八叶期、十叶期和蕾薹期对各处理SPAD值、冠层归一化植被指数（NDVI值）和硝酸盐含量进行检测,并测定各时期油菜生物量和收获期籽粒产量。对不同施氮量下的油菜产量进行显著性检验及方程拟合,并对三种诊断方法各测定指标与氮肥用量、籽粒产量进行相关分析。结果表明,油菜施氮量与籽粒产量具有较好的相关关系,满足进行氮素营养快速诊断要求。三种诊断方法中,硝酸盐反射仪法能在一定程度上反映油菜氮素营养状况,但受油菜生理特性（苗期生物量小、蕾薹期氮素奢侈性吸收等）影响,诊断结果的可信度和稳定性不高。光谱仪法比较适宜于油菜蕾薹期氮素营养诊断,但存在追肥时期过晚、操作不方便等缺点。综合分析认为,SPAD仪法诊断结果稳定,并且具有快速、简便、低耗等优点,适合于油菜氮素营养快速诊断。     

二步培养和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴芽再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L．）品种浙双758为材料,研究二步培养及添加AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴外植体离体再生的影响。外植体先在含0．5—1．5mg／L2,4-D的MS培养基上预培养3d或7d诱导愈伤组织的产生,再转到含有3mg／LBA和0．15mg／LNAA及添加或不添加2．5mg／LAgNO3的分化培养基上诱导芽的分化。结果表明,外植体愈伤组织诱导率和芽再生率与2,4-D浓度、预培养时间和AgNO3密切相关;分化培养基中添加银离子可显著增加不定芽的再生频率;二步培养及添加AgNO3可使半子叶、完整子叶和下胚轴外植体芽再生频率分别达到了96．1％,96．7％和96．7％。     

甘蓝型油菜品种间相互嫁接及对其生长发育的影响

在溶液培养和土壤培养条件下,试验油菜幼苗嫁接技术以及嫁接对油菜生长发育的影响。油菜幼苗嫁接后一般有10～12d的缓苗期,其后可确认嫁接苗是否成活。利用“插接法”探索油菜幼苗嫁接技术基础上对其进行了改进,形成了“改良插接法”,嫁接速度快、成活率高。不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜相互嫁接后,油菜不同农艺性状受砧木、接穗影响程度不同,株高、叶片数、地上部干重、产量及产量构成因素等性状主要与其接穗母株接近,主根长度则与其砧木母株特性接近,但它们同时均受到砧木或接穗的影响,影响程度相对较小。不同部位叶片叶绿素含量与其接穗母株特性相近,基本不受砧木影响。油菜地上部硼含量主要受接穗控制,同时受到砧木影响,而砧木硼含量与接穗关系较小。不同硼效率油菜品种各部位钙、镁含量无明显差异,嫁接对其亦无明显影响。     

油菜AP2／ERF家族转录因子的分离及其生物学功能

油菜的生长发育受病害、干旱、高盐和低温等逆境胁迫的影响较大。油菜植株中很多被上述胁迫诱导而表达的基因,如产物能直接增强油菜对逆境抗性的功能基因,和产物为转录因子而作为信号转导调控其它基因的表达而间接提高抗性的调控基因。很多转录因子涉及到油菜逆境抗性,AP2／ERF是其中重要的一个家族。目前通过不同方法从不同种类的油菜中共克隆了24个AP2／ERF家族转录因子,属于ERF和DREB／CBF亚族。这些基因分别能够被低温、干旱、高盐、乙烯、ABA和茉莉酮酸酯诱导,并启动油菜中一些相关下游基因的表达,从而增强油菜的抗逆性能。本文综述了油菜中AP2／ERF家族转录因子的克隆、进化关系分析、空间结构及生物学功能。     

Short communication: Antiviral activity of subcritical water extract of Brassica juncea against influenza virus A/H1N1 in nonfat milk

Subcritical water extract (SWE) of Brassica juncea was studied for antiviral effects against influenza virus A/H1N1 and for the possibility of application as a nonfat milk supplement for use as an “antiviral food.” At maximum nontoxic concentrations, SWE had higher antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 than n-hexane, ethanol, or hot water (80°C) extracts. Addition of 0.5 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE to culture medium led to 50.35% cell viability (% antiviral activity) for Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza virus A/H1N1. Nonfat milk supplemented with 0.28 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE showed 39.62% antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1. Thus, the use of B. juncea SWE as a food supplement might aid in protection from influenza viral infection.     

Oil Content and Fatty Acids Composition in Brassica Species

Seeds of 20 accessions of six Brassica species including cultivated and five wild relatives were analyzed for oil and fatty acid composition. The results showed that oil content varied from 21 (B. nigra) to 46% (B. napus). Among wild species, B. rapa and B. oleracea had highest oil content (31 and 28%, respectively). The main fatty acids of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, erucic, palmitic, and stearic acids accounted for 89–94% of the total fatty acids in all species. Cultivated species of B. napus had highest oleic acid (61%) and lowest erucic acid (1%) content compared to other studied species. Brassica rapa and B. oleracea had the highest content of erucic acid (41 and 46%, respectively). The highest content of linolenic (20%) and linoleic (19%) acid was observed for B. juncea. The results showed that there was high genetic variation among the studied species for oil content and fatty acids composition. This indicates that seed oil of these species is possibly suitable for both human consumption and industrial purposes.     

大肠杆菌中芥蓝抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因的高效表达

将芥蓝抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Apx)在大肠杆菌中高效表达。以芸薹属植物apx保守区基因序列为基础,利用PCR,RACE技术从芥蓝中扩增得到全长为753 bp的芥蓝apx编码基因,用DNAMAN V6软件分析该基因氨基酸组成,计算出蛋白分子质量约为27.6 kDa。通过构建重组质粒pET-28a-apx,转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21,实现了芥蓝Apx的可溶性表达。通过单因素实验优化诱导表达条件,结果表明:0.2 mmol/L IPTG,23℃诱导培养10 h为最佳诱导条件。采用Ni2+亲和层析,纯化了重组蛋白,并得到重组酶最适反应条件为pH 6.5和40℃。为进一步研究Apx的生理特性和功能打下基础。