分散剂FDN对G级油井水泥作用机理探讨

采用液相电导法和酸度法研究了分散剂FDN对G级油井水泥水化速度的影响。发现FDN促进水泥的早期水化,但吸附-络合作用及磺酸根离子对Ca(OH)_2核晶过程的“毒化”作用使后期水化速度减慢。本研究证实ζ电位升高是FDN广生分散作用的主要因素。当FDN的吸附达饱和时,ζ电位达最大值,水泥浆的分散程度最大。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的合成及分散性能研究

采用中和反应制备羟基磷灰石（HA），在反应过程中添加了六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠和“快易”作分散剂。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透镜电镜（TEM）、热重和差示扫描分析（TG-DSC）等测试手段对所合成的粉末进行了表征。结果表明：分散剂添加的时间对合成粉末的粒径没有明显的影响；三种分散剂中六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠的均有较好的分散效果，粉末粒径达到纳米级。     

电冶矾土刚玉质自流浇注料的研究

以电冶矾土刚玉为骨料有利于提高浇注料的自流性能 ;六偏磷酸钠分散剂对Al2 O3泥浆流变性能有较理想的改善作用 ;电冶矾土刚玉质自流浇注料具有优良的抗渣性能 ,这主要同浇注料的显微结构和电冶矾土刚玉骨料的性能相关。     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

Chemical control of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis systems

Fouling of membranes by colloidal organic and inorganic particles continues to be documented as the most common and challenging obstacle in attaining stable continuous operation of reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems. Much current research is being conducted on physical parameters to mitigate such fouling. The focus has been on membrane synthesis and element design; microfiltration and ultrafiltration pretreatment; electromagnetic devices; correlation with physical factors such as Silt Density Index, zeta potential and critical flux; technique of direct observation of fouling process through a membrane; and classification of macromolecular organics for correlation with fouling characteristics. We report initial successes with chemical control of colloidal fouling. Through screening with a large number of observable coagulations of natural colloids, we have developed a group of proprietary anticoagulants and dispersants that would, at less than 10 ppm dosage to the RO feedwater, control various classes of colloidal foulants. Case studies of the control of humic matter, elemental sulfur and colloidal silicate in problematic RO systems that became stabilized are briefly presented. We conclude that a great need and potential exists in economically controlling the myriads of fouling interactions of colloidal particles during concentration within the brine channels of RO membrane elements. Low dosages of antifoulants can in many cases obviate the need for installation and maintenance of pretreatment unit or operations designed to remove such colloidal foulants from the process stream.     

Effect of dispersant on chain formation capability of TiO2 nanoparticles under low frequency electric fields for NO2 gas sensing applications

In this study, the effect of Dolapix CE64 as dispersant on the deposition mechanism and chain formation of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the different frequencies under non-uniform AC electric field was investigated. The optical microscope (OM) images of the deposition patterns obtained at the frequency of 1 Hz and 100 Hz in non-aqueous media one containing dispersant and the other being dispersant free revealed that the addition of charge inducing agents (dispersant) has drastically changed deposition mechanism enabling particles to enter the gap leaving the electrodes surfaces uncoated. At 10 kHz, it was observed that by the introduction of Dolapix CE64 the TiO₂ nanoparticles were able to form chain-like patterns along the electric field lines bridging the interelectrode gap. The obtained pearl chain formation (PCF) was employed to fabricate an NO₂ gas sensor which showed a good response to the target gas at 450, 500 and 550 ˚C.     

Electrophoretic deposition of manganese dioxide films using new dispersing agents

Abstract

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the fabrication of manganese dioxide (MD) films for application in electrochemical supercapacitors (ES). Anionic dyes were used as dispersing agents for MD synthesis and EPD. The adsorption of pyrogallol red (PGR) and aurintricarboxylic acid (ACA) dyes on MD was attributed to catecholate and salicylate type of bonding respectively involving chelation of Mn atoms on the MD particle surface. The adsorption of the dyes on MD allowed efficient dispersion, charging and deposition. The higher charge/mass ratio of ACA, compared to that of PGR, allowed deposition at lower dye concentration and lower voltages. The kinetics and mechanism of deposition were discussed. Electrochemical testing results showed that the MD films prepared by the EPD method are promising for application in ES. The highest specific capacitance of 409 F g^?1 was obtained at a scan rate of 2 mV s^?1.     

分散剂在陶瓷废料悬浮试验中的应用研究

陶瓷废料是陶瓷行业中所产生的最主要的污染之一,大部分废料被填埋,少部分应用在坯料制备中。为实现资源的循环应用,将废料更多地应用于现代工业,产生经济效益,形成循环经济。本文根据陶瓷废料的特性进行了基础研究,主要是对陶瓷废料的悬浮性能,对水玻璃、NaOH、甲基纤维素等分散剂的敏感性展开研究。     

粉煤灰泡沫陶瓷浆料的稳定机制

通过不同组分浆料的沉降实验,研究了固含量、分散剂(淀粉、硅酸钠、柠檬酸三铵)对浆料稳定性能的影响。实验过程中测量了1#～12#浆料浑浊液和上清液的高度,进而得到浆料的相对沉降高度(RSH)值。通过测量10#、13#、14#浆料在沉降过程中上清液高度的变化,研究了13#、14#浆料的稳定性。实验结果分析发现,在含硅酸钠的悬浮浆料中,随着浆料中固含量的增加,淀粉作为分散剂对浆料的稳定性能的影响减小;在不含硅酸钠的浆料中,这一规律只在3#～6#的浆料中出现;淀粉、柠檬酸三铵作分散剂可显著提高浆料的稳定性。硅酸钠对浆料的分散效果较差,保证素坯在低温强度的状态下,应尽量减少硅酸钠的用量。     

分散剂对纳米氢氧化镁制备的影响

纳米氢氧化镁是一种具有广泛用途的新型无机材料,可作为绿色阻燃剂和用于制备纳米氧化镁等。通过直接沉淀法制备纳米氢氧化镁是最具有工业化前景的方法。以氨水为衬底溶液,氯化镁和氢氧化钠溶液同时滴加的双注-衬底工艺制备纳米氢氧化镁,重点研究了分散剂的类型、用量及复合使用对纳米氢氧化镁制备的影响。结果表明:较理想的分散剂是聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)和硬脂酸钠,复合使用PEG6000与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),效果更好。PEG6000和SDBS的最佳用量分别为氢氧化镁理论产量的3%及1.5%。在该条件下,产品的纯度约为97%,产品主要为片状,分散性较好,平均粒径约为70 nm。