Phase equilibria of the Al2O3–CaO–SiO2-(0%, 5%, 10%) MgO slag system for non-metallic inclusions control

Al₂O₃–CaO-(MgO–SiO₂) inclusions are one of the dominant inclusions in Al-deoxidized spring steel, the compositions changes of which are closely related to refining slags and deoxidization process. The Al₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂–MgO system can represent the primary ingredients of the Al₂O₃–CaO inclusions. According to analyzed compositions and predicted liquidus temperature ranges of inclusions and refining slag, equilibra experiments under high temperature, water quenching technique and subsquent electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) has been conducted to ascertain detailed thermodynamic database for inclusions control. Liquidus temperatures within the dominant phase fields of Ca₃SiO₅, Ca₂SiO₄, CaAl₂O₄, Ca₃Al₄O₉, spinel and MgO with the intervals of 20 °C from 1350 to 1560°C were identified. To further promote inclusions control, the influences of mass ratios of Mass(Al2O3)Mass(Al2O3+SiO2+CaO) and MgO contents on equilibrated phases and liquidus temperature changes have been explored. To further enhance modification levels of Al₂O₃–CaO-(MgO–SiO₂) system inclusions, it is suggested that refining time could be suitably prolonged.     

Ce对440C不锈轴承钢夹杂物演变的影响

为探究稀土Ce对440C不锈轴承钢中夹杂物的改性作用,利用实验室MoSi₂电阻炉对440C不锈轴承钢进行稀土Ce处理,采用OM、SEM等系统分析了Ce的添加对440C不锈轴承钢脱氧及夹杂物演变的影响。结果表明,随着Ce加入量的增加,其收得率逐渐升高。Ce的加入使钢中TO质量分数由0.002 5%降低至0.001 2%。未加入Ce的钢中夹杂物主要为Al₂O₃、MnS以及镁铝尖晶石;加入质量分数为0.011 5%的Ce后,夹杂物被改性为以Ce-Al-O为主的夹杂物;当Ce的添加量达到0.036 4%时,夹杂物被完全改性为Ce-O-S夹杂物。适量的Ce可以降低夹杂物尺寸及面积比例,但过量加入会使夹杂物尺寸变大。在本试验条件下,当Ce质量分数为0.011 5%时,钢中夹杂物细小弥散效果最明显。以上结论可为Ce在高碳铬不锈轴承钢中的应用提供参考。     

合成气甲烷化过程热力学分析

以化学热力学为基础,利用FactSage软件对2种典型的煤气化合成气甲烷化反应过程进行了热力学计算和分析。研究了合成气的组分、氢气的配比、反应温度、压力等条件对甲烷化过程的影响,特别是氢气的配比研究,区别于常规对H_2/CO分析而是以氢气的理论配比H_2/(3CO+4CO_2)进行分析。结果表明:反应器操作压力对甲烷化过程的影响不明显,合成气的组分、氢气的配比、反应温度的选择对甲烷化过程的影响较大。得出:合成气甲烷化过程应采用多段反应器,最终控制温度为(300~350)℃;操作压力一般为(3.0~3.5)MPa;H_2的配比采用理论配比时生产出的CH_4浓度高。     

Phase Equilibrium studies in the system “FeO”–SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO at 1200 °C and Po2 10-8atm

Iron oxides and silica are the major components of copper smelting slag. The oxides of aluminum, calcium and magnesium are also present in the slag that is introduced through copper concentrate, flux and refractories. Liquidus temperatures of the copper smelting slags are usually controlled by Fe/SiO₂. The concentrations of Al₂O₃, CaO and MgO, and FeO/Fe₂O₃ in the slag can also affect the liquidus temperatures where FeO/Fe₂O₃ is a function of oxygen partial pressure. High temperature equilibration under controlled oxygen partial pressure followed by quenching and electron probe microanalysis were used to determine the compositions of the liquid and solid phases at 1200 °C and Po₂ 10^-8 atm. The experimental results are presented in the forms of pseudo-ternary sections “FeO”-CaO-SiO₂ at fixed 2, 4 and 6 wt pct MgO, and 2 + 2, 4 + 4 and 6 + 6 wt pct MgO + Al₂O₃. Spinel and tridymite are the major primary phases in the composition range investigated. In addition, CaSiO₃, pyroxene, olivine, and melilite are also present. The isotherms in the spinel and tridymite primary phase fields move towards higher SiO₂ concentration directions with increasing CaO, Al₂O₃, and MgO concentrations. The experimentally determined results are compared with the FactSage calculations.     

Experimental study and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu–Sn–Si–O system and sub-systems

Phase equilibria between slag, Cu–Sn alloy and solid oxide phases, SnO₂ (cassiterite) or SiO₂ (tridymite, cristobalite) are important for oxidizing fire refining of black copper produced during the recycling of copper scrap and waste electrical and electronic equipment. Integrated experimental and thermodynamic modeling study is presented for the Cu–Sn–Si–O chemical system and its sub-systems. Experimental technique involved high-temperature equilibration, followed by rapid quenching and direct measurement of Cu, Sn and Si concentrations in the liquid and solid phases using the electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Experimental results and literature data have been used to develop the thermodynamic database for the system. The database works within the environment of FactSage software, as well as ChemApp, ChemSheet and SimuSage. Combined with other assessments, it can be used to optimize and develop recycling processes using the black copper route.     

煤灰熔融温度预测方法研究现状

为准确预测煤灰熔融温度,论述了国内外建立煤灰熔融温度预测模型的现状,重点分析了线性回归法、BP神经网络法、支持向量机法和Fact Sage软件法的应用情况及误差。回归分析法的应用最为广泛,其中利用最小二乘法拟合的预测公式的相关性系数较高,但适应性较差;BP神经网络法适应性较强,但必须输入大量数据对模型进行训练;支持向量机法虽然优于回归分析法与BP神经网络法,但不能阐明煤灰熔融过程中矿物演变规律,不能科学说明灰熔融特性变化机理。Fact Sage软件法不仅有较高的预测精度,还可阐明煤灰熔融过程中矿物质演变规律,优化煤灰熔融温度的评价标准,建立更可靠的预测模型。因此,Fact Sage软件法是应用前景广阔的煤灰熔融特性预测方法。     

顶吹炉处理废旧电路板的渣型理论研究

结合顶吹炉处理废旧电路板的渣型试验,通过FactSage软件,对顶吹炉处理废旧电路板的渣型确定过程进行理论分析,并绘制了理想渣型下的冶金相图。结果表明,顶吹炉处理废旧电路板渣型控制的重点在于Al2O3成分的控制,理想渣型为SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO四元渣型,各组分含量范围：SiO2 28%~35%、CaO 18%~25%、Al2O3 6%~13%、FeO 16%~20%,四元组分合计＞80%。在理想渣型下,可实现溢流连续排渣,金属和渣分离彻底,Cu、Au、Ag总回收率均大于95%,平均渣含铜＜0.7%。该渣型范围和相图理论可为各类熔池熔炼炉处理废旧电路板的渣型研究和生产实践提供理论依据。     

Purification of Calcium Oxide in Phosphogypsum Decomposition Residue Based on the Sucrose-CO2 Method

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste (by-product of the “wet process” phosphoric acid production) in phosphate fertilizer industry which is environmentally harmful. This paper studies purification of calcium oxide in the PG decomposition residue. The phase and the spectral signature of the purified sample were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, and EDS. The experimental results indicate that impurities in the residue are effectively removed by sucrose solution. The reactions between calcium oxide and sucrose solution are well explained. In the purification process, soluble calcium sucrose is produced and almost all the impurities which are insoluble in sucrose solution are removed by filtration. Then the calcium carbonate synthesized by calcium sucrose and CO₂ is calcined at 1173.15 K for 2 hours and the optimum mass ratio of the decomposition residue and sucrose solution is 5:100. It was concluded that the content of calcium oxide in the calcined products increased to 98.15% and it also had a compact structure, well-proportioned surface, and higher whiteness.