Theoretical investigation on the steady-state natural circulation characteristics of a new type of pressurized water reactor

1 Introduction With respect to the inherent safety of nuclear re- actors, application of passive systems/components including natural circulation phenomena as the main mechanism is intended to simplify the safety-related systems and to improve their reliability, to reduce the effect of human errors and equipment failures, and to provide more time to enable the operators to prevent or mitigate serious accidents. Natural circulation is the main mode of heat removal for removing decay heat from t…     

一种新的坡位定量描述方法及其与滑坡发生的关系

滑坡发生与地形因子的关系是区域滑坡静态规律研究的重点,但以往的研究多注重考虑其与反映几何形态的基本地形属性因子(几何形态属性因子)之间的关系,如坡度和坡向等。首先提出一种新的基于子流域内相对位置定量描述坡位(相对位置因子)的方法,并以温州地区瓯江流域1990~2001年发生的滑坡为研究对象,使用证据权法对比滑坡发生与两种不同类型地形因子之间的关系。结果表明,相对位置因子与滑坡发生的相关性大于滑坡危险性评价经常使用的几何形态属性因子;并且滑坡大多发生在定量坡位值较低的区域,这些地区处在下游,遭受流水侵蚀的强度更大、频率更高。     

Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity (EC<Subscript>a</Subscript>) as a Means of Monitoring Changesin Soil Inorganic N on Heterogeneous Morainic Soils in SE Norway During Two Growing Seasons

An efficient method to monitor changes in soil inorganic N content during crop growth would be a useful means to guide N fertilization to ensure high yields and low N losses to the environment. In this study, soil apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) measured by the widely used conductivity meter EM38 was tested as an indirect measurement of available N in spring barley during two cropping seasons at two sites with morainic loam in SE Norway. The experiment was constructed to maximize soil variation. In spite of the ȁ8noiseȁ9 caused by the soil heterogeneity, concentrations of inorganic N (cN_inorg) or NO₃-N were most strongly correlated with EC_a in both years and at both locations (with one exception). The measurements of EC_a reflected well the temporal variation in inorganic N content (N_inorg), and a ranking of the treatments based on EC_a fitted very well with a ranking based on N_inorg at the first three sampling times after fertilizing. The best subset of sensor variables (i.e. variables which can be measured ȁ8on-the-goȁ9 by sensor techniques in the field) described 27–69% (average 47%) of the variation in topsoil cN_inorg. When expanding the regression models to include pH as well, the degree of explanation increased significantly. In conclusion, the method of using EC_a appears to be quite robust in terms of detecting relative differences in cN_inorg, whereas a determination of absolute levels of cN_inorg with the method is unreliable.     

标准椭圆形封头外表面曲边高度的计算程序

标准椭圆形封头外表面曲边高度的计算程序黄水龙（甘肃省石油化工设计院）关键词椭圆形封头曲边高度计算程序在计算椭圆形封头上接管长度或计算裙座筒体与椭圆形封头对接处的标高时，需要计算椭圆形封头的曲边高度，但椭圆形外表面曲线方程没有表达式，大多数人将椭圆形...     

环形刀高度变化刀路轨迹规划方法

为提高汽车覆盖件模具加工效率,将环形刀应用于汽车模具小曲率面的半精及精加工过程.通过对三坐标铣削小曲率面的刀具切触几何分析,确定环形刀最佳进给方向应沿工件高度变化方向,此时可使有效切削带宽达到最大.基于此结论,分别对两类特殊型面进行了刀路轨迹规划.对于单一方向曲率变化面采用垂直截面法,截面方向沿最大主曲率方向,实验表明:垂直截面法与等高线法相比可提高加工效率25%,并且有较好的表面质量;对于圆鼓面采用放射精加工方法,仿真结果表明:此方法与三维偏置方法相比可提高加工效率22.64%,并且避免了周边欠切.     

转炉炼钢氧枪枪位自动控制专家系统的实验室研究

在转炉造渣过程中，渣中FeO的含量直接影响到石灰的溶解速度、造渣途径和炉渣的喷溅、返干，在泡沫渣淹没吹炼状态下，调整氧枪枪位可有效地控制渣中FeO的含量。音平控渣系统，可以给出喷溅、返干的趋势，在此基础上，开发氧枪枪位自动控制专家系统，对喷溅、返干进行预测，采用自学习技术给出枪拉操作提示。此系统为氧枪自动控制奠定了基础。     

LiDAR点云支持下地物精细分类的实现方法

在遥感数据分类中,获取精细的地物类别无疑能够传递更加丰富的信息量,进一步加深对遥感数据的理解和解译。在机载LiDAR点云高程数据的支持下,提出并实现了遥感影像上地物精细分类的方法。为保证高精度地同种地物再划分,综合考虑配准、辅助数据源、首次回波、点云密度及影像空间分辨率4种因素,并重点解决了点云密度与影像空间分辨率不匹配的问题,利用决策树显著地提高了影像上建筑物、植被的分类数量,使点云与影像联合分类的优势得到体现,达到了分类精度与地物类别数量相统一的目的。     

基于某低空飞艇压力高度及载荷能力的研究

由于大气压力、温度随着海拔高度的变化而变化.在飞艇升降过程中,艇囊中的浮升气体(氦气)随着外界大气压力、温度的变化产生压缩或膨胀,使飞艇净静升力发生变化,从而影响了飞艇的载荷能力和能够达到的海拔高度.为了在标准大气(International Standard Atmosphere)和非标准大气(Off-Standard Atmosphere)条件下,研究了飞艇压力高度随充氦体积变化规律和载荷能力随高度变化的规律,给出了充氦体积占飞艇总气囊体积比例、压力高度、净静升力和有效载荷之间的变化关系,并结合某低空试验飞艇进行了仿真计算和分析,为飞艇的总体设计和实际使用提供了理论基础.     

烟囱的烟气抬升高度的研究

在肯定了烟气抬升高度与整个烟云扩展层内环境平均风速成反比的基础上,对“国标公式”(指GB13223—91中的公式,以下同)进行了修正,推出了新的计算式,并用浙江某热电厂的实测资料进行了验证。经分析比较认为:利用修正后的公式进行计算,其计算的准确性优于“国标公式”。     

Shape from Shading Using Probability Functions and Belief Propagation

Shape-from-shading (SFS) aims to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of an object from a single shaded image. This article proposes an improved framework based on belief propagation for computing SFS. The implementation of the well-known brightness, integrability and smoothness constraints inside this framework is shown. We implement the constraints as probability density functions. For example, the brightness constraint is a two-dimensional probability density function that relates all possible surface gradients at a pixel to their probability given the pixel intensity. A straightforward extension of the framework to photometric stereo is presented, where multiple images of the same scene taken under different lighting conditions are available. The results are promising, especially since the solution is obtained by iteratively applying simple operations on a regular grid of points. The presented framework therefore can be implemented in parallel and is a reasonably likely biological scheme.