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1.
Effective management of the risks associated with acid rock drainage (ARD) requires the ability to identify material with a potential to generate ARD reliably. With the increasing prevalence of quantitative mineralogy (Quantitative XRD, auto-SEM), opportunity exists to use mineralogy at all stages in ARD characterisation and prediction. This study uses a mineralogical approach across the head grade samples and the residues obtained under leach conditions of several common ARD characterisation tests (Acid Neutralising Capacity, Net Acid Generation), as well as the University of Cape Town (UCT) biokinetic test to evaluate the extent to which acid-neutralising minerals react. The results show the contribution of the carbonates to the acid neutralising capacity, as well as the partial dissolution of intermediate weathering silicate minerals such as chlorite and mica. 相似文献
2.
The proportion of amorphous or glassy material in a series of fly ashes has been evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using the Rietveld-based SIROQUANT software package. Several different sample preparation and processing methods were investigated, including XRD analysis of samples spiked with known masses of synthetic corundum and zinc oxide as well as techniques based on analysing the raw or unspiked fly ash directly using the SIROQUANT process. In the latter case, two different poorly crystallised silicate mineral patterns, metakaolin and tridymite, were used in the SIROQUANT processing of the raw ash XRD data to represent the amorphous constituents. The results of the different methods based on XRD of spiked samples were found to be mutually consistent, and also consistent with other published data for an international reference fly ash sample. SIROQUANT analysis of the unspiked fly ashes gave similar results, although different poorly crystallised silicate reference patterns seem to be more suited for ashes from Australian and North American sources.The mineralogy of the ashes, including the proportions of quartz, iron oxide and glassy constituents, appears to be related to the nature of the mineral matter in the relevant feed coals. Calculations based on subtracting the inferred chemistry of the crystalline minerals in the fly ashes from the total fly ash chemistry were also used to estimate the overall chemical composition of the glass fraction in each ash. The results indicate that ashes derived from lower-rank coals in the samples studied have different glass compositions to those derived from higher-rank (bituminous) materials. These different glass compositions appear to be related to several other ash properties, including particle density and particle surface area. Evaluation of glass content and composition may be significant in different aspects of ash utilisation, and also in evaluating interactions with water at ash disposal sites. 相似文献
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Relationship between the Undrained Shear Strength, Water Content, and Mineralogical Properties of Fine-Grained Soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The relationship between the undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils and the water content can be described with a nonlinear function in which the type of soil is determined by two parameters. It is well known that these parameters depend mainly on the mineral compositions of soils; these relationships, however, have not yet been investigated. The findings described in this paper define those mineralogical properties of soils which determine the values of both parameters. Experimentally obtained results suggest that the parameters primarily depend on the size of the clay minerals, their quantity in soil composition, and the interlayer water quantity in the expanding clay minerals. As this dependence is well defined, the parameters, and thus the undrained shear strength at different water content, can be defined from knowledge of these mineralogical soil properties. 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(11):8065-8074
Different techniques (X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, colorimetry, visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy) were carried out to investigate the cause of colour changes of traditional ceramic materials. Two clayey materials of different composition, collected in the Bay of Naples, were fired in oxidising atmosphere at different temperatures resulting in different shades of red colour.Hematite is responsible of the reddish hue of ceramics and its nucleation is strictly related to firing temperature and chemical composition of the raw materials. A low CaO concentration allowed hematite to form in higher amounts providing a more intense reddish hue at high firing temperatures (over 950 °C). At the highest temperature (1100 °C) all samples showed darker colour due to increased size of iron oxide particles. Black core developed in Ca-rich ceramics fired at low temperatures as the short time of firing is insufficient to complete iron oxidation within the matrix, except in those containing high temper amounts. Indeed, microstructural modification occurs due to the presence of discontinuities among temper grains and matrix, which improves the circulation of oxygen in the core of ceramics. 相似文献
6.
This work reports the results of a combined accelerated carbonation and wet granulation treatment applied to Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag with the aim of producing secondary aggregates for civil engineering applications and of storing CO2 in a solid and thermodynamically stable form. The tests were carried out in a laboratory scale granulation device equipped with a lid and CO2 feeding system. In each test, humidified slag (liquid/solid ratio of 0.12 l/kg) was treated for reaction times varying between 30 and 120 min under either atmospheric air or 100% CO2. Under both conditions, the particle size of the treatment product was observed to increase progressively with reaction time; specifically, the d50 values obtained for the products of the combined granulation and carbonation treatment increased from 0.4 mm to 4 mm after 30 min and to 10 mm after 120 min. Significant CO2 uptake values (between 120 and 144 g CO2/kg) were measured even after short reaction times for granules with diameters below 10 mm and for the coarser particle size fractions after reaction times of 90 min. The density, mineralogical composition and leaching behavior of the obtained granules were also investigated, showing that the combined granulation–carbonation process may be a promising option for BOF slag valorization, particularly in terms of decreasing the Ca hydroxide content of the slag. Another interesting finding was that the leaching behavior of the product of the combined treatment appeared to be significantly modified with respect to that of the untreated slag only for coarse uncrushed granules, an indication that the carbonation reaction occurs mainly on the outer layer of the formed granules. 相似文献
7.
This article presents the main outputs from the multidisciplinary Carmex project (2009–2012), which was concerned with the possibility of applying ex situ mineral carbonation concepts to mafic/ultramafic mining wastes. Focus points of the project included (i) matching significant and accessible mining wastes to large CO2 emitters through a dedicated geographical information system (GIS), (ii) analysis of aqueous carbonation mechanisms of mining waste and process development and (iii) environmental assessment of ex situ mining waste carbonation through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. With a number of materials associated with the mining sector, the project took a close look at the aqueous carbonation mechanisms for these materials and obtained unexpected carbonation levels (up to 80%) by coupling mechanical exfoliation and reactive carbonation. Results from this work support the possibility of processing serpentine-rich peridotites without applying the classical first step of heat activation. Perspectives are also given for the carbonation of Ni-pyrometallurgical slag available closed to ultramafic mining residues. LCA of the mining waste carbonation system as a whole made it clear that the viability of this CO2 storage option lies with the carbonation process itself and optimisation of its operating conditions. By combining the body of knowledge acquired by this project, it is concluded that New Caledonia, with its insularity and local abundance of ‘carbonable’ rocks and industrial wastes coupled with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from world-class nickel pyro and hydrometallurgical industries stands out as a strong potential candidate for application of ex situ mineral carbonation. 相似文献
8.
9.
In iron-making processes with rare-earth-containing iron ores as feeds, therare-earth oxides report to slags. While most rare-earth oxides in the slags can be recovered by a combination of high intensity magnetic separation with gravity separation processes, europium and scandium remain in tailings of the slag mineral separation process. Crystal structure and chemical composition of the europium and scandium-bearing “mineral” in the slags have been determined by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. This “mineral” was identified as rare-earth-bearing barium fluorophlogopite (REBF). Flotation experiments were conducted to investigate the flotation behaviors of the REBF. Experimental results show that the REBF can be collected by using dodecylammonium acetate, sodium oleate or a combination of both in an appropriate proportion and sequence. The flotation reaction of the REBF with the collectors was discussed with the help of infrared spectra and electrokinetic measurements. Physical adsorption of the cationic collector and chemical adsorption of the anionic collector on the surface of the negatively charged REBF were observed. Synergistic effect is significant when addition of sodium oleate is followed by addition of dodecylammonium acetate during flotation. 相似文献
10.
通过矿相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线能谱元素面分析等多种手段综合研究四川某地黏土型钒矿中钒的赋存状态。样品为铝质黏土岩,V2O5含量为0.93%。黏土矿物总量为61.7%,石英含量13.4%,黄铁矿含量17.1%。样品具典型的黏土结构,矿物粒度微细。钒有两种赋存状态,一种呈钒云母的独立矿物形式存在,另一种则呈类质同相的形式存在于绢云母和伊利石中。典型测点平均含钒量为0.873%,fm-5测点钒含量2.143%,为钒云母;fm-6测点钒含量0.138%,为含钒伊利石;fm-7测点钒含量0.333%,为含钒绢云母。与钒云母、伊利石、绢云母三者结构相似,且粒度极其微细,无法分离,故应作为一个整体单元来回收利用钒。建议通过浮选脱除黄铁矿,然后通过擦洗—脱泥的方式对石英和黏土矿物进行分离,从而实现钒的富集。 相似文献