Novel miniature integrated optical goniometers

A new principle and arrangement for directly determining the angle of incidence of an optical beam on an object are proposed and demonstrated. The novelty of the approach lies in the realization of a ‘smart object’, which extracts a portion of the incident beam's power into an optical waveguide attached to the object's surface or embedded in its body for converting the angle of incidence into the position of a guided beam with finite lateral extent. This ‘integrated optical light pointer’ beam is accomplished by means of creating additional degrees of freedom on the target in two different ways. While a first type is based on introducing spatial variations of the waveguide thickness, a second type makes use of a chirp of the grating periodicity. The feasibility for practical applications has been experimentally demonstrated by a direct comparison with a commercial high-resolution encoder, resulting in an r.m.s. error of <30′'. Measurements have been performed for chips fabricated based on replicated polycarbonate substrates and with no external optics, showing the great potential of this approach for realizing low-cost yet high-performance miniature goniometers.     

Data-driven evaluation of fatigue performance of additive manufactured parts using miniature specimens

This overview firstly introduces the state-of-the-art research progress in length scale-related fatigue performance of conventionally-fabricated metals evaluated by miniature specimens. Some key factors for size effects sensitive to microstructures including the specimen thickness, grain size and a ratio between them are highlighted to summarize some general rules for size effects. Then, ongoing research progress and new challenges in evaluating the fatigue performance of additive manufactured parts controlled by location-specific defects, microstructure heterogeneities as well as mechanical anisotropy using miniature specimen testing technique are discussed and addressed. Finally, a potential roadmap to establish a data-driven evaluation platform based on a large number of miniature specimen-based experiment data, theoretical computations and the ‘big data’ analysis with machine learning is proposed. It is expected that this overview would provide a novel strategy for the realistic evaluation and fast qualification of fatigue properties of additive manufactured parts we have been facing to.     

医用内窥镜系统体内驱动方式的研究

提出了一种新型的医用内窥镜系统的体内驱动方式和相应的驱动机构。此方式利用螺旋旋转时产生的牵引力推动医用内窥镜系统在人体内腔中运行，同时利用螺旋旋转时产生的动压效应建立起动压润滑粘液膜，使医用内窥镜系统在体内运行时不与内腔壁发生直接接触。避免对人体有机组织产生损伤。详细分析计算了用此方法驱动的医用内窥镜系统在不同半径、不同粘度粘液和不同弹性模量的内腔中的轴向运行速度和形成的粘液膜厚度，结果表明，用此方法驱动的医用内窥镜系统在人体内腔中运行时可以形成足够厚的粘液膜把医用内窥镜系统与内腔壁隔开，实现以较快速度的悬浮运行。上述分析结果已被实验研究所证实。     

High-temperature strength and damage evolution in short fiber reinforced aluminum alloys studied by miniature creep testing and synchrotron microtomography

The creep behavior of a squeeze-cast, short fiber reinforced Al metal matrix composite (MMC), consisting of an Al-11 wt.% Zn-0.2 wt.% Mg alloy reinforced with 15 vol.% Al₂O₃ Saffil® short fibers is investigated using miniature creep specimens. The small dimensions of the miniature creep specimens permit them to be machined from regions of an MMC block with different microstructures, thus allowing the effect of grain size and fiber texture on creep to be investigated on a more local level than is possible using conventional specimen geometries. The miniature creep specimens are subjected to uniaxial tensile stresses ranging from 3 to 40 MPa at temperatures between 573 and 623 K. It is shown that tests performed using the miniature creep specimen geometry are in good agreement with results previously obtained with standard creep specimens. Through interrupted creep experiments, it is observed that the creep back flow that occurs after unloading increases with increasing accumulated plastic strain. In the as-cast MMC, synchrotron microtomography reveals a fine distribution of pores whose spatial density increases with the spatial density of the fibers. The presence of fractured fibers in the crept MMC is also revealed. Some of the regions between fractured fiber fragments appear to be filled with matrix material, while others are voided.     

Estimation of fixed-point temperatures - A practical approach

Phase transition temperatures can be used for thermometer calibrations in accordance with the ITS-90. For this the thermometer is inserted into a fixed-point cell filled with a highly pure substance. While the substance is melting or freezing the temperature inside the cell remains almost constant and the thermometer measures a plateau in the temperature curve. From this plateau the phase transition temperature needs to be estimated for the calibration of the thermometer. This can be done using different mathematical methods, taking into account various systematic deviations as well as reproducibilities of the results depending on the chosen method, the fixed-point material’s purity and above all the amount of fixed-point material. Hence this article presents results from measurements in miniature fixed-point cells filled with zinc of various purities. The plateau curves were measured at different heating rates and comparatively analysed using five different estimation methods.     

浅谈倾斜薄矿脉的开采方法

本文简要概述了在开采倾斜薄矿脉中遇到的困难,结合当前我国黄金矿山所应用常见的几种开采方案,针对目前存在的问题,探讨了以电耙振动出矿留矿全面法和微型铲运机水平分层充填法两种采矿方法的实用性。     

大型遥控铲运机在田兴铁矿应用前景展望

为了满足田兴铁矿阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法出矿工艺需要,采用遥控铲运机进入大空区出矿,有效地解决了工作人员的人身安全问题,提高了矿山的采矿效率,降低了矿山生产运营成本。国外先进矿山已经成功实现了井下无轨设备自动化,无人采矿、自动化矿山设备在国内矿山的应用是发展趋势,同时也是势在必行的。     

地下装载机未来新技术展望(三)

简略介绍了地下装载机未来可能采用的地下GPS、线控技术、燃料电池、混合动力、防碰撞系统、自动化、排放控制技术、氢-传动技术以及安全技术等几项新技术的特点、内容和应用前景,以供参考。     

内窥镜仿生机器人的研究现状与发展

论述国外内窥镜机器人系统的研究现状和成果,分别对自主内窥镜机器人系统、超微内窥镜机器人系统、胶囊内窥镜机器人系统、虚拟内镜技术和医用导管的应用研究进行了阐述,指出了内窥镜仿生机器人研究的重要意义和未来发展方向.     

微型同轴脉管制冷机系统运行参数的优化及氢氦混合工质应用的试验研究

进行了微型同轴脉管制冷机系统运行参数的优化及氢氦混合工质应用的试验研究。系统运行参数的优化试验结果表明,不同的氢氦配比下,微型同轴脉管制冷机系统的最佳运转频率为15.5～17.2 Hz。随着系统平均压力的提高,最低制冷温度也随之下降,但变化幅度越来越小。气库小孔阀和双向进气阀均存在最佳开度,在试验系统中气库小孔阀最佳开度为70°,双向进气阀最佳开度为30°。同时,氢氦混合工质的试验结果表明,在其他运行参数不变的情况下,随着氢气摩尔分数的减少,系统最低制冷温度逐渐降低,当氢气摩尔分数小于20%时,系统最低制冷温度接近纯氦水平。在100～120 K温区,氢氦混合工质能提高系统的制冷量,当氢气摩尔分数为20%时,系统制冷量比纯氦时提高了13.5%～16.5%。