An investigation into the effect of various chemical and physical treatments of a South African phosphogypsum to render it suitable as a set retarder for cement

The work describes various physical and chemical treatments to eliminate the deleterious effects of impurities in phosphogypsum on the delayed setting time and impaired strength development behaviour of cement to which it was added as a set regulator. The physical treatments included washing, milling, and ultrasonic treatment of the material, while the chemical treatments dealt with acidic and basic additions to the phosphogypsum during the washing stage. It was found that chemical treatment with a milk of lime solution, which is often recommended in literature, was ineffective in reducing set retardation. Treatment with ammonium hydroxide or sulphuric acid was more effective in this regard. Intergrinding phosphogypsum with slaked lime improved its effectiveness in reducing set retardation, but the use of unslaked lime was less effective and also resulted in marked reductions in compressive strengths. A combined treatment of wet milling phosphogypsum with a lime slurry in a ball mall was derived from these experiments and is recommended for full-scale plant applications.     

Experimental and numerical simulation of lignite chemical looping gasification with phosphogypsum as oxygen carrier in a fluidized bed

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste produced in the wet process of producing phosphoric acid.Lignite is a kind of promising chemical raw material.However,the high sulfur of lignite limits the utilization of lig-nite as a resource.Based on fluidized bed experiments,the optimal reaction conditions for the production syngas by lignite chemical looping gasification (CLG) with PG as oxygen carrier were studied.The study found that the optimal reaction temperature should not exceed 1123 K;the mole ratio of water vapor to lignite should be about 0.2;the mole ratio of PG oxygen carrier to lignite should be about 0.6.Meanwhile,commercial software Comsol was used to establish a fuel reaction kinetics model.Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation,the process of reaction in fluidized bed were well captured.The model was based on a two-fluid model and coupled mass transfer,heat transfer and chemical reac-tions.This study showed that the fluidized bed presents a flow structure in which gas and solid coexist.There was a high temperature zone in the middle and lower parts of the fluidized bed.It could be seen from the results of the flow field simulated that the fluidized bed was beneficial to the progress of the gasification reaction.     

影响磷石膏中残磷含量的主要因素分析

实现磷石膏的资源化，已经成为贵州省肥、磷化工企业可持续发展的重要影响因素；磷石膏中残磷的高含量不仅降低了磷酸的萃取率，同时影响磷石膏的资源化利用；分析了影响磷石膏化学成分的各种主要因素，并从磷石膏资源化的角度，讨论了磷石膏中的残磷及其影响因素；磷石膏成分随这些影响因素的不同而变化。     

磷石膏的微量组分及其对水泥凝结、水化和硬化的影响

借助差热分析、热失重、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等测试手段,分析了磷石膏的微量组分,研究了磷石膏对硅酸盐水泥物理性能及水化过程和水化产物的影响,进而探讨了磷石膏对水泥单矿物的水化作用机理。     

静电除尘器在磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥工程中的应用

本文阐述了磷石膏烘干脱水后,粉状半水石膏的收集、磷石膏煅烧窑气净化除尘均应选择静电除尘器的必要性。根据电除尘器处理介质(烘干尾气与水泥窑气)的特性及操作条件,介绍了设计选型要考虑结露、构件腐蚀、绝缘爬电等问题,并提出相应改进的措施。     

磷石膏生产墙体材料可行性研究

通过正交试验获得磷石膏—矿渣—粉煤灰—石灰—水泥胶凝体系的优化配合比为磷石膏∶矿渣∶粉煤灰∶生石灰∶水泥=30∶25∶24.5∶10.5∶10,并通过XRD、SEM微观分析手段和宏观测定强度的方法探讨了养护制度对该胶凝体系性能的影响。研究结果表明：该胶结料90℃下蒸养7 h,然后自然养护,28 d抗压强度高达43.9MPa,凝结时间正常,耐水性良好。胶结料强度随养护温度的升高而增加;90℃下,胶结料强度随蒸养时间的增加而增加,此温度下蒸养13 h所得制品,7 d抗压强度便达到39.6 MPa。利用最优配比成型的免烧砖能达到非烧结粘土砖15级的要求。     

Preparation of hardened tiles from waste phosphogypsum by a new intermittent pressing hydration

The solid waste phosphogypsum (PG), as the sole-raw material, was processed into hardened tiles with favorable mechanical strength by a novel intermittent pressing hydration process. First, the raw PG with dihydrate gypsum was dehydrated into semi-hydrate gypsum. The dehydrated PG was granulated with water, press-formed, and then immersed in water under intermittent pressing. Using the optimal granulation humidity of 35%, pressing pressure of 20 MPa, pressing frequency of once per 2 min and total times of 24, PG hardened tiles with bending strength of 18.9 MPa was obtained. It was revealed that the dehydrated PG was hydrated into the dense dihydrate gypsum crystals under the action of intermittent pressing, which contributed to the high mechanical strength of the tiles. The hardened tile has the potential to be a new-type wall material and its application may help to solve PG׳s environmental risk.     

浅淡磷石膏的综合利用

简单介绍了磷石膏综合利用的几条途径．如制硫酸联产水泥、生产硫酸铵和硫酸钾、生产元素硫以及在农业上用作土壤改良剂、硫肥和钙肥等。指出生产厂应结合本厂和当地条件因地制宜地选择利用途径。     

磷石膏氟化物的浸取动力学特性

应用旋转圆盘法研究了三蛱库区堆放的磷石膏中氟化物的浸取动力学特性。在288．308K的温度区间,pH=5．0—5．5的酸度区间和258—900r／min的圆盘转速区间下,使用氟离子选择性电极连续在线检测水相氟离子的瞬时浓度,得到了磷石膏中浸取氟化物的微分速率常数,计算了浸取过程的表观活化能为19．6kJ／mol。根据微分速率常数特点判断,从磷石膏浸取氟化物的微观控制过程为外部扩散步骤,提高过程温度及旋转圆盘转速据可提高磷石膏中氟化物的浸取速率。     

磷石膏和粉煤灰胶结充填料的性能试验研究

虽然磷石膏不是理想的充填骨料,但利用具有活化剂作用的粉煤灰等工业废料,作为水泥的代用品,在磷石膏、粉煤灰胶结充填过程中取代一部分水泥用量,可改善浆体的胶凝特性,延长管道使用寿命,对降低充填成本,减少环境污染,推动废弃物的资源化利用具有重要意义,是充填工艺技术发展的一个重要方向。其试验结果显示,用磷石膏和粉煤灰制作胶结充填料是完全满足现场工艺的要求。