某含铜尾矿粗砂工艺矿物学特征及选矿试验研究

为查找铜损失在尾矿中的原因并制定选矿回收工艺,对某低品位含铜尾矿粗砂进行了工艺矿物学分析和选矿试验研究。结果表明：含铜矿物主要是黄铜矿（CuFeS2）,嵌布粒度微细且呈浸染状分布,未能充分单体解离而损失在尾矿中。经过选矿优化试验确定粗尾砂可采用立式搅拌磨,使微细粒级铜矿物充分单体解离;然后,采用优先浮选工艺回收铜,闭路试验可获得Cu品位18.02%、Cu回收率41.05%的铜精矿。     

Study on bioleaching of primary chalcopyrite ore with thermoacidophilic archae

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae （TA） was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of l.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcvpyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans （Tf） leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching （196 days）, that is, a two-month （56 days） Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/（L.d）, while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/（L .d） for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to .for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

Ca(ClO)2与腐殖酸钠对黄铜矿和黄铁矿浮选的影响

纯矿物试验和人工混合矿试验表明,Ca（ClO）2与腐殖酸钠都对黄铁矿具有很好的抑制作用,而不抑制黄铜矿,二者组合使用能更加有效抑制黄铁矿.根据杨氏方程结合接触角的测定结果,计算矿物表面润湿能,结果说明腐殖酸钠和Ca（ClO）2组合抑制剂对黄铁矿的良好的抑制性能,是二者协同作用的结果.     

硫化矿物硫化钠诱导浮选的电化学研究

本文研究了黄铜矿，黄铁矿的硫化钠诱导浮选行为。浮选实验，电化学研究表明，黄铜矿表现出较差的硫化钠诱导浮选行为，而黄铁矿则很好。硫化钠诱导浮选机理是由于ＨＳ－离子在矿物表面氧化产生疏水性的元素Ｓ０所致；硫化矿表面静电位的高低决定了ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的可能性，黄铁矿表面静电位Ｅｍｓ高于ＨＳ－氧化成Ｓ０的电极电位，因而黄铁矿表现出良好的硫化钠诱导浮选特性；黄铜矿表面静电位低于这一电极电位，因而硫化钠诱导浮选性较差。     

黄铜矿型CuCrS2电子结构的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了黄铜矿CuCrS2的电子结构。结果表明:CuCrS2是一种半金属铁磁体,其半金属隙为0.18eV。每个CuCrS2分子的磁矩为3.00μB,Cr原子是分子磁矩的主要贡献者。晶胞体积变化时,各原子磁矩呈现不同的变化趋势,但Cr原子仍为分子磁矩的主要来源,晶胞体积增大5%和10%时,CuCrS2依然能表现出良好的半金属性。     

Impact of the Cd2+ treatment on the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

The present contribution aims at determining the impact of modifying the properties of the absorber/buffer layer interface on the electrical performance of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe) thin‐film solar cells, by using a Cd²⁺ partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment of the absorber before the buffer layer deposition. In this work, CZTSe/CdS solar cells with and without Cd PE treatment were compared with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe)/CdS references. The Cd PE treatment was performed in a chemical bath for 7 min at 70 °C using a basic solution of cadmium acetate. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements have revealed the presence of Cd at the absorber surface after the treatment. The solar cells were characterized using current density–voltage (J–V), external quantum efficiency, and drive‐level capacitance profiling measurements. For the CZTSe‐based devices, the fill factor increased from 57.7% to 64.0% when using the Cd PE treatment, leading to the improvement of the efficiency (η) from 8.3% to 9.0% for the best solar cells. Similar observations were made on the CIGSe solar cell reference. This effect comes from a considerable reduction of the series resistance (R_S) of the dark and light J–V, as determined using the one‐diode model. The crossover effect between dark and light J–V curves is also significantly reduced by Cd PE treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄铜矿粗选指标对水玻璃超声波改性的响应及其机理

为阐明黄铜矿粗选指标与水玻璃超声波改性的内在关系,以超声波预处理的水玻璃为调整剂,进行了黄铜矿实际矿物的浮选试验,并采用pH值、黏度及红外光谱等手段对超声波预处理水玻璃溶液及矿浆浊度进行了表征。结果表明,黄铜矿的粗选回收率对超声波改性的水玻璃较为敏感。铜的回收率在水玻璃预处理时间为15 min作用时的敏感性最强,为85.33%,与未改性水玻璃的回收率相比提高了9.31%。超声波预处理可减小水玻璃溶液的pH值,并使其黏度降低0.36%,这有利于水玻璃在矿浆中的分散。此外,超声波预处理还可改变水玻璃溶液的中水分子的比例以及水玻璃官能团的组成,并使预处理后的水玻璃溶液中游离水羟基与H₂SiO₃中的Si-OH的相对比例分别提高7.81%和1.02%。游离水组份的增加有利于改善黄铜矿的疏水性及浮选效果,水玻璃有效成分H₂SiO₃中Si-OH的组份增加在一定程度上强化了对矿泥的分散作用,从而提高了粗选作业铜的回收率。研究对超声波技术在有色金属浮选领域的应用有一定参考意义。     

黄铜矿和黄铁矿高选择性捕收剂计算机辅助分子设计

将计算机辅助分子设计应用到选矿药剂分子设计中,对黄铜矿和黄铁矿高选择性捕收剂进行设计,得出了合适的极性基团和非极性基,即目的新型捕收剂。在实验室合成了目的药剂,进行了黄铜矿和黄铁矿纯矿物浮选试验,浮选分离效果显著。初步验证了计算机辅助分子设计在选矿药剂分子设计中的可行性。     

黄铜矿分支浮选动力学研究

针对黄铜矿进行分支浮选动力学研究,考察了捕收剂用量、黄铜矿粒级、减少药剂用量等方面对黄铜矿回收率的影响规律。结果表明:采用分支浮选流程可以大大减少药剂用量,提高黄铜矿浮选速率和回收率,这是因为第一支浮选泡沫产品加入到第二支原矿中,残余药剂继续发挥作用,总体药剂用量可减少1/3,并且,由于第一支浮选泡沫产品大大改善了第二支浮选原矿的矿浆环境,更有利于浮选,回收率明显升高。用浮选动力学对浮选过程进行模拟发现,分支浮选速率常数高于常规浮选,说明分支浮选速度比常规浮选更快。     

非洲某硫化铜钴矿选矿综合回收技术研究

非洲某铜钴矿原矿含铜2.11%,钴0.090%,其中的钴品位较低,难以有效回收,且含钴矿物嵌布粒度不均匀,与黄铜矿、黄铁矿共生关系复杂,严重影响选矿过程中含钴矿物的综合回收。根据原矿性质,采用"铜钴依次优先"浮选工艺流程,结合使用高效选择性捕收剂BKAP,实现了铜、钴资源的综合回收,实验室所得铜精矿铜品位35.08%,铜回收率93.42%;钴精矿钴品位2.27%,钴回收率51.82%。