Electrochemical Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Single Live Cell Vesicles Shows Exocytosis is Predominantly Partial

Exocytosis plays an essential role in the communication between cells in the nervous system. Understanding the regulation of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis and the amount of neurotransmitter content that is stored in vesicles is of importance, as it provides fundamental insights to understand how the brain works and how neurons elicit a certain behavior. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in amperometric measurements for monitoring exocytosis in single cells and electrochemical cytometry measurements of vesicular neurotransmitter content in individual vesicles. Important steps have increased our understanding of the different mechanisms of exocytosis. Increasing evidence is firmly establishing that partial release is the primary mechanism of release in multiple cell types.     

Household endotoxin reduction in the Louisa Environmental Intervention Project for rural childhood asthma

Endotoxin exacerbates asthma. We designed the Louisa Environmental Intervention Project (LEIP) and assessed its effectiveness in reducing household endotoxin and improving asthma symptoms in rural Iowa children. Asthmatic school children (N = 104 from 89 homes) of Louisa and Keokuk counties in Iowa (aged 5-14 years) were recruited and block-randomized to receive extensive (education + professional cleaning) or educational interventions. Environmental sampling collection and respiratory survey administration were done at baseline and during three follow-up visits. Mixed-model analyses were used to assess the effect of the intervention on endotoxin levels and asthma symptoms in the main analysis and of endotoxin reduction on asthma symptoms in exploratory analysis. In the extensive intervention group, dust endotoxin load was significantly reduced in post-intervention visits. The extensive compared with the educational intervention was associated with significantly decreased dust endotoxin load in farm homes and less frequent nighttime asthma symptoms. In exploratory analysis, dust endotoxin load reduction from baseline was associated with lower total asthma symptoms score (Odds ratio: 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.92). In conclusion, the LEIP intervention reduced household dust endotoxin and improved asthma symptoms. However, endotoxin reductions were not sustained post-intervention by residents.     

KJS-Y系列矿用水动力降尘器的改进设计

针对当前KJS-Y系列降尘器效率低的问题,通过调整叶轮轴向间隙与径向间隙参数,分别对不同安装参数的降尘器进行数值模拟,通过数值模拟分析特定截面压力分布情况,确定了叶轮最佳安装参数,大大提高了降尘器的工作效率,同时降低了设计成本。     

继电保护中多路模拟量采集系统的设计

介绍了一种基于高性能浮点DSP芯片TMS320C32、CPLD芯片XC95288和A/D采样芯片AD976组成的多路采集系统的工作原理以及设计方法。通过对第一路施加特殊的电压量,在CCS开发环境下读取采样缓冲区的值,并利用Matlab对采样数据进行了全波傅氏变换。此外,该系统已在继电保护中得到广泛应用,实践表明,该系统能较好地解决多路模拟量的采集,并确保了采样数据的安全可靠性。     

综采工作面粉尘防治问题分析与技术改进

针对新桥煤矿2301综采工作面机载喷雾系统喷雾效果差、喷雾耗水量大造成煤质含水量超标、喷嘴雾化程度不高、喷嘴容易发生堵塞等问题,提出了高压喷雾系统设计方案,选择了1.2mm的锥形引射喷嘴和1.5mm的扇形引射喷嘴。采用固定水泵供水方式,结合工作面实际情况,计算出喷雾总用水量247.5L/min,提高了喷雾射程,提升了除尘效果。     

Collection efficiency of liquid‐based samplers for fungi in indoor air

This study assessed the collection efficiency (CE) of two popularly used sampling devices (BioSampler and Coriolis sampler) for fungal aerosols. Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with or without surfactant (Tween‐20, Tween‐80, or Triton X‐100) and antifoam agent was prepared and used as collection liquids. The agar impactor (BioStage) was simultaneously operated with liquid‐based samplers to collect fungi from seven sites located at a university building, public library, and animal farming. Fungal concentrations determined by liquid samplers were divided by those by BioStage, and the ratio values represented CE. Results indicate that the CE of BioSampler was superior to that of Coriolis (P = 0.0001) and the PBS containing surfactant collected fungi better than that without surfactant (P < 0.0001), whereas antifoam agent showed no influence (P = 0.8). Moreover, fungal concentrations determined by BioSampler with surfactant‐added PBS were statistically indifferent from those by BioStage (P > 0.05) with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.81‐0.83 (P < 0.01). In addition to sampler and collection liquid, sampling location was also identified as a significant CE factor (P = 0.006), implying potential influences by fungal genera in the studied fields. Overall, BioSampler with surfactant‐supplemented PBS (eg, Triton X‐100) is recommended considering the great CE and compatibility with a variety of analytical assays.     

高温旋风除尘器的设计

在PTA(精对苯二甲酸)的生产过程中,工艺废气经尾气膨胀透平机降压后进入RTO蓄热式焚烧炉将有毒有害的有机物焚烧分解后排入大气,为了达到粉尘的排放标准(小于120mg/m~3),在焚烧炉之后加上这台高温烟气除尘器,废气经除尘后达到了排放标准,而且最大程度地减少了热量损失,实践证明此项改造是成功的。文章探讨如何进行高温烟气除尘器的设计,并介绍了高温多管陶瓷旋风烟气除尘器的结构。     

基于USB接口的数据采集系统

提出了一种基于USB接口,采用内置USB接口的微处理器芯片来实现的数据采集系统方案,并从硬件设计和软件开发两个方面对该方案进行了探讨。提出了3种硬件设计方案,并对其中一种方案进行了详细介绍；软件开发部分介绍了USB设备固件、USB设备驱动程序和数据采集系统应用程序设计。     

A Revised Methodology for Research on Metamemory: Pre-judgment Recall And Monitoring (PRAM).

A revised methodology is described for research on metacognitive monitoring, especially judgments of learning (JOLs), to investigate psychological processing that previously has been only hypothetical and unobservable. During data collection a new stage of recall occurs just prior to the JOL, so that during data analysis the items can be partitioned into subcategories to measure the degree of JOL accuracy in ways that are more analytic than was previously possible. A weighted-average combinatorial rule allows the component measures of JOL accuracy to be combined into the usual overall measure of metacognitive accuracy. An example using the revised methodology offers a new explanation for the delayed-JOL effect, in which delayed JOLs are more accurate than immediate JOLs for predicting recall. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

有水气藏开发早期可采储量的评价方法

有水气藏是天然气藏中的一个基本气藏类型，其采收率受多种因素的影响，如地面集输压力、井筒混合气水流动的液柱压力和储层物性等，目前普遍采用经验取值、物质平衡和气藏数值模拟等方法进行研究，但由于受开发评价阶段试采资料偏少和气藏数值模拟无法模拟井筒流动等因素的影响，早期采收率计算往往偏差较大，针对这些问题，从气田开发一体化的特点出发，提出了一种全面考虑地层→井筒→地面流动条件下，有水气藏（含凝析有水气藏）发废弃压力的计算方法，发展了利用物质平衡早期预测有水气藏采收率的理论，方法可靠、适用性强，能够推广应用。