CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL FOLD GEOMETRIES IN THE CANTARELL STRUCTURE, SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION

The NW‐SE trending Cantarell structure in the Gulf of Campeche hosts the largest oilfield in Mexico. The oil occurs predominantly in latest Cretaceous – earliest Tertiary breccias with subsidiary reserves in Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) and Lower Cretaceous oolitic and partially dolomitized limestones, dolomites and shaly limestones. Cantarell has been interpreted both as a fold‐and‐thrust zone and as a dextral transpressional structure. Analysis of structure contours at 100m intervals, on the tops of the Tertiary breccia and the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) dolomite, indicates that the structure is an upright cylindrical fold with gently plunging conical terminations; there is also a conical portion in the central part of the structure. The axes of the central, NW and SE cones are subvertical. This geometry indicates that the two fold terminations and the central cone are aprons rather than points, with the NW and central cone axes intersecting the cylindrical fold axis at the point where the geometry switches from conical to cylindrical. The apical angle (i.e. the angle between the fold and cone axes) varies as follows: (i) in the NW cone, it is ～70° in the breccia and ～76° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite; (ii) in the central cone, it is ～77° in the breccia and ～73° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite; and (iii) in the SE cone, it is ～64° in the breccia and ～57° in the Kimmeridgian dolomite. This indicates that whereas the fold opens with depth in the NW cone, it tightens with depth in the central and SE cones. Assuming a parallel fold geometry, these apical angles indicate an increase in volume in the NW cone (i.e. larger hydrocarbon reservoirs), compared to the central and SE cones. Theoretical considerations indicate that the curvature increases dramatically towards the point of the cone. In the case of the Cantarell structure, the apices of the cones are located at the conical‐cylindrical fold junctions, where the highest curvature may have resulted in a higher degree of fracturing. The coincidence of maximum curvature and the intersection of the conical and cylindrical fold axes in the fold culminations with porous and permeable reservoir rocks may have made these locations favourable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.     

用于X光激光实验的反射式线聚焦光学系统的设计和分析

基于三维光线追迹的象差计算,对卢瑟福实验室用离轴球面反射线聚焦系统作了分析。然后,首次提出了用于X光激光实验的两类新的反射式线聚焦构型,即反射式光楔列阵和光锥列阵系统,并作了计算。最后,对所得结果作了比较和讨论。     

非线性锥形梯度折射率透镜的光学特征

本文对非线性锥形梯度折射率透镜进行了分析,根据稳态自聚焦理论以及ABCD定律,导出了高斯光束通过这种透镜光斑尺寸及其位置的公式。讨论了几种特殊的情况,得到了一些重要的结果。     

一种8毫米波变张角,半径突变多模圆锥馈源

我们研制了一种8毫米波变张角、半径突变的多模圆锥馈源。计算出其模比并推导出其辐射方向图公式;给出其在两个主平面——E平面与H平面上的辐射方向图和波束场分布特性的测试结果以及电压驻波比VSWR的测量结果;同时给出频带和旁瓣特性。分析与测试共同表明,在34.5GHz～37GHz频带里,该多模馈源的辐射图在大于24dB范围内获得幅度等化且不出现旁瓣,因此具有一定的应用价值。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

Prediction of minimum velocity and minimum bed pressure drop for gas-solid fluidization in conical conduits

Experimental investigations have been carried out for spherical and non-spherical particles using beds comprised of single-sized particles and mixtures in the size and particle density ranges of 439 to 1524 μm and 1303 to 4948 kg/m³, respectively. Five conical fluidizers with varying apex angles of 8.86, 14.77, 19.60, 32.0 and 43.2 degrees were used. Experimental values of minimum velocity and bed pressure drop with air as the fluidizing medium have been compared with their respective values obtained from different models available in the literature. Deviations for each chosen model have been presented.     

大型常压锥顶贮罐的设计

以工程实例为依据，论述国内以往较少采用的大型梁柱式支承锥顶贮罐的结构，介绍了国内外相关设计标准，给出了贮罐的典型结构－斜椽，横梁和立柱的计算公式，并用Excel电子表格编制了计算书。     

Determination of Minimum Spouting Velocities in Conical Spouted Beds

Minimum spouting velocities in conical spouted beds have been obtained from pressure drops versus the superficial gas velocity curves, based on both increasing and decreasing the superficial gas velocity. It has been shown that the minimum spouting velocity from decreasing the superficial gas velocity is lower than from increasing the superficial gas velocity in most cases. This phenomenon is similar to that in conventional spouted beds and different from the early works. The experimental results also showed that there isn't significant difference in the pressure drop and U_ms under identical operating conditions between semi‐circular and circular conical spouted beds, and the same U_ms can be obtained from absolute pressure drops at any position above the gas inlet. The U_ms is found to increase with increasing the cone angle and static bed height, as well as the gas inlet diameter to a less extent.     

三维锥形滤波器压制面波的应用效果分析

地滚波(面波)在地震记录上表现为一种很强的规则干扰波,具有振幅强、频率低的特点。地滚波在单炮记录的远排列端呈现出双曲型,利用三维锥体滤波技术能够压制地滚波,突出有效信号。将地震数据进行三维锥体滤波去噪后的叠加剖面中地滚波基本被完全压制,而有效信号得到保持,剖面的信噪比明显增强,同相轴的连续性得到提高。应用三维锥体滤波技术,能够做到高分辨率的相对保幅处理,保证地震数据的可靠性。     

锥面共形阵列极化-DOA估计的降维MUSIC算法

针对传统MUSIC(multiple signal classification)算法在锥面共形阵列极化-DOA(direction of arrival)参数联合估计过程中计算复杂度较高的问题,利用单极化阵元构造极化敏感锥面共形阵列,并建立阵列接收信号模型.通过构造同极化接收子阵,将导向矢量中空域信息和极化域信息去"耦合",在考虑阵元遮挡效应的条件下,结合秩损原理实现了基于降维MUSIC算法的极化-DOA多参数估计,减小了极化-DOA参数估计的计算量.通过计算机仿真证明了方法的有效性.