豫西雷门沟钼矿水文地质条件分析及涌水量预测

豫西熊耳山雷门沟钼矿床位于东秦岭多金属成矿带东段,是已探明的超大型斑岩型钼矿,前人研究程度高、地质成果丰硕,但对矿床开采技术条件方面研究较少。本次通过地质调查工程、水文地质试验等方法,从水文地质角度,对雷门沟钼矿床水文地质条件进行研究,填补了该方面的空白,丰富了研究成果；采用水文地质比拟法预测未来矿坑最大排水量2613 m³/d,经实践检验结果较为可靠；总结的采坑排水量预测方法、含水层特点、矿床充水因素以及防治水措施,以期对该区域水文地质工作具有参考价值。     

Study on wax precipitation characteristics of wax deposit in pipes

Wax deposit properties are a significant concern in pipeline pigging during waxy crude oil transportation. In the present work, the impacts of flow conditions and oil properties on the wax precipitation characteristics of wax deposits are investigated. A flow loop apparatus was developed to conduct wax deposition experiments using four crude oils collected from different field pipes. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was employed to observe the wax precipitation characteristics of crude oil and wax deposit. The results show that the wax content and the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of the deposits increase with shear stress and radial temperature gradient, and decrease with radial wax molecule concentration gradient near the pipe wall. The DSC tests on the wax deposits revealed that the deposit wax content is strongly correlated to the oil wax content. Furthermore, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the wax content and the WAT of the wax deposit. Verification of the empirical correlation using the different oils indicated that the average relative error of the wax content prediction and average absolute error of WAT prediction were 13.2% and 3.6°C, respectively.     

Comparative analysis on performance of vertical drain improved clay deposit under vacuum or surcharge loading

This paper presents two well-instrumented large-scale field tests of PVD-improved soft soil with vacuum and surcharge preloading, respectively. The two large-scale field tests were conducted adjacent to each other with the same preload. A comparative analysis was performed to investigate the performance of subsoil (i.e., the ground settlement, the layered settlement, the lateral displacement of subsoil and pore water pressure) under vacuum preloading and equivalent surcharge preloading. Some design methods were verified based on the field data. Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) and Vane Shear Tests (VST) were conducted to assess the improvement effects on subsoil after preloading. The results showed that as compared with surcharge preloading, vacuum preloading mitigated the differential settlement of the ground. The vacuum pressure transmitted into the soil with a minor loss through the PVD length. From a practical point of view, the improvement effects by vacuum preloading and surcharge preloading were similar in terms of influence depth and soil strength based on the in-situ tests.     

新型潜油电泵防砂防垢吸入口的研究应用

针对中原油田矿化度高、出砂量大的开采现状,设计了潜油电泵防砂防垢吸入口,作为电动潜油泵提液系统的辅助设备,对井液先通过滤网防砂管工艺装置进行砂粒过滤,同时通过高强磁防垢器进行磁化处理,使矿化物分子结构改变,结垢缓解。解决了多砂和矿物质结垢而造成的泵卡及泵结垢等技术难题,现场应用效果良好。     

位山引黄灌区泥沙淤积原因及处理对策

位山灌区是黄河下游大型引黄灌区 ,渠系泥沙淤积严重 ,泥沙处理困难。通过采用远距离输沙、集中处理沉沙区泥沙、分散沉沙和节水减淤等技术措施 ,减少了渠系的泥沙淤积。对清淤产生的泥沙 ,采取综合开发利用的技术和管理措施 ,取得了比较可靠的效果。     

示踪剂技术在秦家屯油藏开发中的应用

秦家屯油田位于松辽盆地南部东南隆起区十屋断陷东北部,属于非均质断块层状油藏,通过示踪剂监测技术可以了解区块内井间连通情况,判断油井见水、来水方向及油层水驱动用程度,结合油藏静态资料研究,指导油田开发,改善开发效果,达到了稳产的目的。     

MIP-CGP工艺专用催化剂CGP-1的开发与应用

阐述了生产汽油组分满足欧Ⅲ排放标准并多产丙烯的催化裂化工艺（简称MIP-CGP）专用催化剂（简称CGP-1）的研究开发与工业应用结果。CGP-1催化剂的基质具有良好的容炭性能，使活性组元受到良好保护，其优势作用在第二反应区得以充分发挥，具有更高的氢转移活性和强的汽油小分子烯烃裂化活性。中国石化九江分公司和镇海炼化公司的MIP-CGP工业试验标定结果表明，与常规FCC相比，采用CGP-1催化剂的MIP-CGP技术在生产烯烃体积分数小于18％的汽油组分的同时，丙烯产率达到8％以上。此外，汽油诱导期大幅提高，抗爆指数增加；总液体收率有所提高，干气产率下降，焦炭选择性良好。     

油管电热清防蜡技术在强水敏油田的应用

江苏油田的庄 2、韦 2油田属强水敏油田 ,采用热 (水 )洗油井和化学清防蜡效果较差 ,两油田每年因洗井造成地层污染影响的产量损失在 5 0 0 0t以上 ,约占油田产量的 4 5 %。根据集肤效应 ,采用油管电热清蜡技术 ,在含水小于 6 0 %、井斜小于 4 0°的油井上可正常使用 ,一般通电加热 4 0～ 80min后 ,油井井口温度能达到 5 0℃左右 ,最高可达到 6 5℃以上 ,连续加热 5～ 6h即可达到清蜡目的 ,电热清蜡为周期 6 0～ 90d。影响电热清蜡主要指标因素是油井的产液量 ,产液量越小 ,所需要的加热电流和加热电压也越小 ,井口温度达到最高值越低 ,清蜡效果越差。试验的 7口井平均年度投入产出比达到 1∶5 ,经济效益和社会效益十分明显。     

钛化物在铝熔体中的沉淀现象

为了研究导致细化衰退的钛化物沉淀现象，以中间合金为细化剂对工业纯铝进行了细化处理，得到了不同沉淀时间的沉淀试样，利用金相、SEM等技术分析了试样底部沉淀物的显微组织．结果表明：加入中间合金后，试样均存在明显的软化物沉淀现象，且沉淀物中既有TiC(TiB2)化合物，也有TiAl3化合物；沉淀物中的TiAl3与原中间合金中的TiAl3形态一致，说明原中间合金中的一些TiAl3化合物在没有分解完全时就已沉到试样底部；AlTiC中间合金比AlTiB中间合金的钛化物沉淀倾向明显．     

电渗析器免拆清洗实例

用静态溶垢试验和静态模拟试验选出的清洗剂清洗电渗析器，结果表明：用质量分数为2％ HCl，5％多聚磷酸盐，2％HCl 2％CaCO3，0.1mol／L NaOH依次循环清洗电渗析器可清洗掉常见电渗析器垢物和污染物．