Localized corrosion of (lean) duplex stainless steels in immersion units of urban wastewater treatment plants

With lower alloying cost and higher mechanical properties, lean duplex stainless steels can be an alternative to the more commonly used austenitic stainless steels. However, these alloys are still not the preferred choice, probably due to a lack of field experience. A study was thus initiated in view of defining the limits of use of selected (lean) duplexes for urban wastewater treatment units. The present paper shows the localized corrosion performance of selected lean duplexes in chloride contaminated solutions. The results are compared with austenitic S30403 and S31603 and with the more standard duplexes S82441 and S32205. The effect of welding was also investigated. Exposures in field municipal wastewater plants were conducted for 1 year in low and high chloride content units. The results show that lean duplexes S32101 and S32202 can be used as alternatives to S30403 and S31603 in low chloride electrolytes. At 500 ppm of chloride content, duplex stainless steel S32304 showed better corrosion resistance than S30403 and S31603. For higher chloride contents (1000 ppm and above) the standard duplexes S82441 and S32205 shall be preferred.     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper (BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

建筑陶瓷企业实施精益生产研究

分析了建筑陶瓷企业实施精益生产的条件和当前推行精益生产的主要障碍，对应用中存在的问题进行了分析并提出了相关建议。     

电机智能制造发展现状及推进策略

随着电机制造要求逐步提高、自动化逐渐普及,智能制造将成为未来主流的生产制造模式。基于对传统电机制造现状和发展趋势的分析,厘清智能制造优势及智能制造推进误区,概括智能制造推进内容及策略。以江苏大中电机股份有限公司相关项目为例,介绍智能制造的侧重内容、实施步骤、原则及实施成果。结果表明：总体生产效率提高了35.75%,生产运营成本降低了26.21%,产品不良率降低了75.84%。在此基础上概括电机行业智能制造推进参考战略,为中小型电机行业发展提供支持。     

牙膏增稠的理论和增稠剂

深入阐述了牙膏增稠的流变学理论，同时，介绍了用于生产牙膏的儿种主要增稠剂的性能及其在牙膏配方中的应用。流变学理论和黏合剂化学技术的有机结合直接导致了新型牙膏配方产品的诞生。     

The role of NO2 in the reduction of NO by hydrocarbon over Cu-ZrO2 and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts

The reduction of NO _x with propene or propane in the presence of 1 or 4% O₂ was studied at low conversions over a 7.4 wt% Cu-ZrO₂ and a 3.2 wt% Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst. The rates of N₂ production were compared in experiments using only NO or a mixture of NO and NO₂ in the feed. They were also compared with the rates of NO₂ reduction to NO under the same conditions, and of NO oxidation to NO₂ in the absence of hydrocarbon. It was found that the reduction of NO₂ to NO was very fast, consistent with literature data. The data were best explained by a reaction scheme in which the hydrocarbon was activated primarily by reaction with adsorbed NO₂ to form an adsorbed oxidized N-containing hydrocarbon intermediate, the reaction of which with NO was the principal route to produce N₂ under lean NO _x conditions.On leave from State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.     

Preparation and Kinetic Considerations for the Dissolution of Cr‐substituted Iron Oxides in Reductive‐complexing Formulations

The dissolution rate coefficients of Cr‐substituted (0‐20 at.% Cr) iron oxides viz. hematite and magnetite were determined by using an inverse cubic rate (ICR) law applicable for spherical particles as well as by a general kinetic equation (GKE) applicable for polydispersed particles. An attempt is made to compare both the treatments for different kinds of dissolution profiles obtained by employing oxides with narrow particle size distribution in V(II)‐EDTA and citric acid‐EDTA‐ascorbic acid formulations at 353±5K. The dissolution profiles could be classified into three types based on the nature of oxide and formulations. It is observed that both ICR and GKE treat the dissolution course as a function of decrease in fraction of undissolved mass, m/m₀. The dissolution rate coefficients determined by ICR and GKE have shown the similar trend of decrease with increasing Cr content of the oxides and was ascribed to lattice stabilization.     

Two-step flotation recovery of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore

The flotation of pure and natural carbonaceous iron ore samples in the oleate flotation system was investigated. Starch can depress hematite effectively in a wide pH range, but cannot depress siderite efficiently in neutral conditions. The flotation recovery of pure hematite, siderite, and quartz in the oleate-starch-CaCl₂ system is significantly different when the slurry pH varies from 4 to 12. A novel two-step flotation process was developed for the separation of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore through which the siderite concentrate is first recovered and the high quality hematite concentrates with relative high iron recovery can be obtained in the second step flotation. The siderite concentrate may be utilized directly or undergo further concentration steps to increase iron grade.     

贫瘦煤替代瘦煤制备优质焦炭性能研究

根据瘦煤和贫瘦煤结焦机理、成焦显微结构和粒度变化特征,对贫瘦煤替代瘦煤的结焦显微结构、焦炭性能进行了研究。结果表明,瘦煤与贫瘦煤可以互相替代,并且在合理配比的情况下可改善焦炭质量;通过合理的粒度调整和配煤,在提高贫瘦煤或瘦煤比率的同时亦可得到优质焦炭。     

Efficient Reduction of NO x by H2 Under Oxygen-Rich Conditions over Pd/TiO2 Catalysts: An in situ DRIFTS Study

The H₂/NO/O₂ reaction under lean-burn conditions has been studied by means of in situ DRIFTS, reactor measurements and temperature-programmed desorption with the aim of understanding the very different behavior of Pd/TiO₂ and Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The former deliver very high NO _x conversions (70-80%) with good N₂ selectivity whereas the latter show very low activity. In addition, PdTiO₂ exhibits two distinct NO _x reduction pathways, thus greatly extending the useful temperature range. It is shown that the PdTiO₂ low-temperature channel involves adsorption and subsequent dissociation of NO on reduced (Pd⁰) metal sites. The low activity of PdAl₂O₃ is a consequence of palladium remaining in an oxidized state under reaction conditions. The high-temperature NO reduction channel found with PdTiO₂ is associated with the generation and subsequent reaction of NH _x species.