Explicit Self-Regulated Strategy Development Versus Reciprocal Questioning: Effects on Expository Reading Comprehension Among Struggling Readers.

The effects of 2 rigorous strategic approaches to reading comprehension for 32 5th-grade students who struggle with reading were investigated. The first approach, TWA (Think before reading, think While reading, think After reading), was taught following explicit self-regulated strategy development instructional procedures (K. R. Harris & S. Graham. 1999). The second approach, reciprocal questioning (RQ), was taught following Cooperative ReQuest procedures developed by A. V. Manzo. U. C. Manzo, and T. H. Estes (2001). Compared with RQ students, TWA students improved significantly (with medium to large effect sizes) on 5 oral reading comprehension measures. There were no significant differences, however, between groups on 3 written comprehension measures, self-efficacy, or motivation. Students were positive about each intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

树立职业价值观 做好读者服务工作

明确图书馆读者服务工作的内涵以及图书馆读者服务工作存在的问题,了解正确职业价值观对图书馆工作的重要作用,探讨如何以正确的职业价值观来更好地为读者服务,这对图书馆馆员提高自身的读者服务工作水平具有重要的现实意义。     

谈我院数字资源的使用与服务

影响数字化资源利用率的因素除了读者本身的原因外,还包括数据库使用的便捷程度与图书馆对读者的服务方式。通过对图书馆现有服务方式及其效果的评价,提出要提高数字化资源利用率就必须了解读者的需求、加大对数字化资源的宣传、有计划地实施读者培训与辅导答疑等。     

关于新时期企业图书馆读者工作的思考

体制改革后，图书馆的读者严重流失。通过对这一现象的观察分析，提出了新时期如何做好企业图书馆读者工作的建议。     

浅论高校图书馆对大学生读者的心理优化功能

高校图书馆对大学生读者具有心理优化功能，在心理素质教育方面具有稳定和谐的感化作用。其心理优化功能表现在丰富学生情感、培养学生意志和自我意识，以及塑造学生健全性格等方面。     

论林白小说的叙述选择

真实与虚构并行、杂糅共存于文本中，采用这种叙述技巧使林白的小说充满了象征意义和语言美感。与此同时，这一技巧的运用对林白小说的意义远不止技巧层面本身。它分别作用于文本、作者、读者并使其间达到了沟通。对于文本：真实与想象杂糅赋予作品以张力，文本中的事件通过换装取消了传统意义上的本质与真实使文本呈现出象征和寓言的氛围。对于作者：林白借真实与虚构的杂糅处理和重建了与常规相对的女性的历史，她跳出了个人主义视角，将自我这一概念扩展到女性这一群体层面。对于读者：林白以一种不彻底的坦诚和不彻底的遮蔽的姿态引导读者去猜测事件的真相，这其中除了对真实本身的好奇心，更有对变幻的文本背后的象征指向的探索欲。真实与虚构的换装不应仅仅被视作炫技，而是到达象征中心的必由之路。     

Identification and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of the Methyllysine Reader Protein Spindlin1

The methyllysine reader protein Spindlin1 has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer and may be an attractive novel therapeutic target. Small‐molecule inhibitors of Spindlin1 should be valuable as chemical probes as well as potential new therapeutics. We applied an iterative virtual screening campaign, encompassing structure‐ and ligand‐based approaches, to identify potential Spindlin1 inhibitors from databases of commercially available compounds. Our in silico studies coupled with in vitro testing were successful in identifying novel Spindlin1 inhibitors. Several 4‐aminoquinazoline and quinazolinethione derivatives were among the active hit compounds, which indicated that these scaffolds represent promising lead structures for the development of Spindlin1 inhibitors. Subsequent lead optimization studies were hence carried out, and numerous derivatives of both lead scaffolds were synthesized. This resulted in the discovery of novel inhibitors of Spindlin1 and helped explore the structure–activity relationships of these inhibitor series.     

Teaching high school students to use heuristics while reading historical texts.

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of different types of instruction and texts on high schools students' learning of (a) history content and (b) a set of heuristics that historians use to think critically about texts. Participants for the study were 128 male and 118 female students, ages 16 and 17 years, from 2 high schools in the western United States. Eight history classrooms were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 interventions: (a) traditional textbooks and content instruction, (b) traditional textbooks and heuristic instruction, (c) multiple texts and content instruction, or (d) multiple texts and heuristic instruction. The heuristic instruction explicitly taught sourcing, corroboration, and contextualization. Students were administered pretests on their content knowledge and their use of heuristics. After an intervention of 3 weeks, students were readministered the content knowledge and heuristics posttests. A mixed-model analysis of covariance indicated that across all conditions, students who read multiple texts scored higher on history content and used sourcing and corroboration more often than students who read traditional textbook material. Findings highlight the importance of reading multiple texts to deepen content knowledge and facilitate the use of heuristics that historians typically use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

文学翻译中的文化传达与读者

以语言转换为基础的翻译是两种文化之间的交流，文化传达便是它的一个重要主题。对于文化差异的处理，在文学翻译中一直存在归化和异化两种策略。理想的翻译还要表达原文的言外意义，包括文化效应，而文化效应的终点便是读者。因而，读者在翻译中的地位是不容忽视的。通过对文学翻译中归化和异化两种策略的分析，指出这两种策略的运用以及文学翻译中的文化传达均应以读者为优先考虑。     

Resilient readers? University students who are poor recoders but sometimes good text comprehenders.

The authors screened 194 university students to determine whether some could comprehend text well despite very poor recoding skills, measured by pseudoword reading. Most of the 17 poorest recoders had never been identified as reading disabled. We classified 6 poor recoders as "resilient readers" because their text comprehension scores were average or above, relative to the sample as a whole. They were indistinguishable from 6 matched typical readers on measures of text comprehension derived from oral-reading think-aloud protocols. There was no evidence that the resilient readers relied on superior verbal ability or working memory to compensate for poor recoding. The resilient readers were poor at spelling, reading isolated words, and reading text rapidly, but they showed adequate phonemic awareness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)