Twin screw granulation – review of current progress

Twin screw granulation (TSG) is a new process of interest to the pharmaceutical community that can continuously wet granulate powders, doing so at lower liquid concentrations and with better product consistency than found by a high shear batch mixer. A considerable body of research has evolved over the short time since this process was introduced but generally with little comparison of results. A certain degree of confidence has been developed through these studies related to how process variables and many attributes of machinery configuration will affect granulation but some major challenges still lay ahead related to scalability, variations in the processing regimes related to degree of channel fill and the impact of wetting and granulation of complex powder formulations. This review examines the current literature for wet granulation processes studied in twin screw extrusion machinery, summarizing the influences of operational and system parameters affecting granule properties as well as strives to provide some practical observations to newly interested users of the technique.     

The effect of baking time,fillet radius,and hardness on the lifecycles of pole fastening screws in an electric motor with hydrogen embrittlement

In order to protect bolts from corrosion, electroplating such as zinc plating is widely used. However, hydrogen can easily penetrate or diffuse into the vacancies and dislocations between the lattices of bolt steel during electroplating. As the diffused hydrogen defects inside the lattice are in gaseous form, small cracks can easily be produced due to high pressure from the hydrogen gas. In this research, in order to determine the root cause of the fracture in pole fastening screws resulting from hydrogen embrittlement in typical electric motors, additional factors that accelerate hydrogen embrittlement fracture were selectively applied, including a small fillet in the head–shank transition and excessive hardness, and parametric study was performed experimentally.     

燃气热水器在无回水管水路中实现零冷水的方案研究

本文分析了燃气热水器行业针对无回水管水路系统实现零冷水功能的现有技术方案,指出现有技术方案存在的一些缺陷,并结合试验研究,对无回水管水路系统提出了一套全新的实现零冷水功能的技术解决方案。     

浅析火力发电厂汽水系统中内径管与外径管的设计选择

按照管道加工工艺的不同,管道可分为内径控制管和外径控制管。通过热轧工艺生产的外径控制无缝钢管,可满足火力发电厂汽水系统中绝大部分管道的使用要求。对于超(超)临界机组的主蒸汽和高温再热蒸汽管道采用的P91/P92材质的大口径厚壁无缝钢管,由于对材料性能和加工工艺有特殊要求,因此宜采用内径控制管。     

不同管距时玉米渗灌效果的试验研究

在运城市夹马口灌区和红旗灌区进行了1996,1997两个年度的玉米渗灌试验,研究了不同毛管间距条件下渗灌对其产量及水分生产率等的影响。结果表明,玉米渗灌毛管间距采用0.8~1.0 m较为适宜。毛管间距愈大,产量愈低;渗灌较地面灌平均减产7.23%,较旱地平均增产30.8%;玉米生长期内总耗水量地面灌最大,渗灌次之,旱地最小。渗灌可明显提高玉米水分生产率,渗灌处理水分生产率平均为1.65 kg/m3,是地面灌的1.2倍,是旱地的1.33倍;两年度渗灌较地面灌平均节水44.4%。     

聚丙烯装置聚合区设备布置及管廊的配管设计

结合工程特点及工艺流程,阐述了300 kt/a聚丙烯装置的布置原则,管道、管架设计要点和方法,以及需要注意的问题。     

气动贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心取样钻进新技术在河南钼矿中应用

三道庄钼矿勘探生产中钻遇的地层非常复杂，采用其他方法均无法实现钻进，经过分析比较，决定采用贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心（样）钻进新技术来解决该地层钻进难、成孔难、取样难等三大问题。文章从钻进技术特点、工作原理等方面对该技术进行详细分析，得出其具有钻进效率高、岩心（样）采取率高、成孔质量好等突出优点。并介绍了钻进主要设备机具的配套、施工工序、操作要点、遇到问题的解决方法等。在河南钼矿露天采石场应用该项技术，有效避免了塌孔和卡钻事故，工程进展顺利、质量好、岩心（样）采取率在98％以上，取得了良好的效果。针对在生产试验中遇到的某些问题，作者提出了一些改进建议。     

几种管道补偿器的选择和安装

介绍了几种常用的管道补偿器，如自然补偿器、Ⅱ形补偿器、波纹补偿器和套管式补偿器及其优缺点和选用原则，并就补偿器的安装问题进行了探讨。     

地下埋藏式钢岔管抗外压稳定性分析

考虑了钢岔管与混凝土垫层的初始缝隙和初始几何缺陷,给出了一套地下埋藏式钢岔管抗外压稳定性的三维有限元分析和求解方法。采用该方法分析某工程实例,将其成果与阿氏公式计算的结果进行了比较,证明了该方法的可行性,并得到一些对工程设计有参考价值的成果。     

水泥砂浆衬里在输水钢管内壁防腐中的应用

结合工程实例,阐述了在输水水质腐蚀性不大的情况下,输水钢管的内壁防腐采用水泥砂浆衬里的必要性和优点,并介绍了设计要点和安装施工注意事项。