Ceramics composites from iron ore tailings and blast furnace slag

The search for materials and methods capable of reducing human impacts on the environment is of utmost importance nowadays. This study's primary purpose was to analyze the technical feasibility of ceramic composites production utilizing Fundão Dam's Iron Ore Tailings (IOT), Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) from charcoal, and Foundry Sand (FS) as partial substitutes for the traditional raw materials – sand and clay – for application in building industry materials. The composites were molded in rectangular specimens and fired at temperatures of 900, 950, 1000, 1050, and 1200 °C. The developed materials were analyzed and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetry (TGA), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The obtained materials had flexural strength modulus of up to 12.19 MPa, water absorption ranging from 2 to 22%, linear shrinkage ranging from 0.02 to 6.50%, and apparent density ranging from 2.03 to 1.63 g/cm³. The study of the internal structure formation process revealed the formation of amorphous structures in the composites. The results demonstrated that these waste materials may be jointly used in construction materials, contributing to the reduction of natural resource extraction, besides enabling their correct disposal, minimizing environmental impacts, and improving the life quality of the surrounding communities.     

全尾砂高水固化材料在下向充填采矿法中的应用

全尾砂高水固化材料是２０世纪８０年开发出来的矿山新型充填材料，本文简要介绍了全尾砂高固化材料下向进路式充填采矿法的充填工艺技术，并与带钢筋混凝土假顶的下向进路式水硫充填法进行了经济比较。     

国外尾矿坝安全与环境研究综述

安全与环境一直是国外尾矿坝研究的重点。笔者综述了自1990年以来国外涉及尾矿坝安全与环境方面有代表性的文献 ,内容包括尾矿坝溃坝、溃坝理论研究、安全管理、环境污染、污染监测、污染治理、污染理论研究及生态复垦 ,这些对提高我国尾矿坝管理、工程技术水平都有较好的参考价值     

Trypsin inhibitor activity of soybean as affected by genotype and fertilisation

The presence of protease inhibitors in soybean prohibits the utilisation of the raw beans for food and feed. However, little information is available about environmental influences and the effects of nitrogen and sulphur supply on the antinutritional constituents of soybean. As these factors may influence protease inhibitors, soybean genotypes segregated according to the presence or absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor have been evaluated for trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) in field trials. TIA was affected significantly by environment (geographical location), fertilisation treatment and genotype. Environmental means of TIA were between 69.5 and 104.8 mg g^?1. Nitrogen application, which caused an increase in seed protein content, resulted in a reduction in TIA by about 15% as compared with the control. Remarkably, simultaneous application of nitrogen and sulphur in the form of ammonium sulphate had a similar reductive effect on TIA to that of nitrogen application alone, although soybean protease inhibitors are rich in sulphur amino acids. Significant genetic variation in TIA was found both within the genotype class with the Kunitz inhibitor present as well as within the class lacking this inhibitor. The results suggest that TIA of soybean may be modified considerably by genetic improvement and appropriate agronomic management. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

硫在铅熔炼过程中的行为分析

介绍了铅烧结焙烧-鼓风炉还原熔炼过程中硫的分布及存在形态，着重分析了混合料含硫量与结块率的关系，得出了混合料含硫的临界值。论述了烧结块中残留的硫离子及硫酸根离子对铅熔炼生产的影响。针对硫的不同存在形态，提出了有效的解决办法和改进措施。     

Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt and Pd catalysts for the abatement of lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles emissions: influence of water and sulphur containing compounds

The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H₂S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H₂S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H₂S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by TPD in O₂/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO₂ and O₂ in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O₂/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested.     

尾矿堆场对地下水及其水质影响的联合模拟研究

矿产资源开发利用后的废弃物堆场常处水文地质条件复杂、区域内外边界不规整的地带。为了客观评价堆场渗漏对地下水及其水质的影响,本文提出了适宜于复杂水文地质条件、复杂内外边界条件的地下水与地下水中污染物分布规律联合模拟分析的非构造网格FVM数值模型,通过在某化工行业尾矿堆场渗漏评价的具体应用,取得了很满意的结果。     

Enzymic browning of sulphocatechol

When sulphur dioxide inhibits the enzymic browning of catechol catalysed by mushroom tyrosinase, the main reaction product is 4-sulphocatechol. When assessed for its browning potential, this product appears to be unreactive and does not inhibit the enzyme.