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1.
原油常减压装置节能技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于常减压装置消耗能量约占炼油厂总用能的25%~30%,已成为炼油厂中消耗量最大的装置,因此,我国各炼油厂对常减压装置进行以降低能耗为中心的技术改造就显得十分必要。详细介绍了适用于常减压装置节能的新工艺、新设备以及优化操作。工艺方面主要有采用过滤脱盐新技术对原油进行深度脱盐、采用强化蒸馏新工艺提高原油蒸馏拔出率、优化产出、增产柴油;设备方面主要使用规整填料和新型塔板改善分馏塔分馏效率、使用新型燃烧器提高加热炉效率、使用新型换热器提高热回收率、采用变频技术降低装置电耗;优化操作方面主要有利用计算机进行监控与管理和改善操作条件。最后对国内原油常减压装置节能改造提出了一些建议,以供炼油企业在进行原油常减压装置改造时参考。 相似文献
2.
J. Gegner 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(3):290-297
Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO2, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al2O3 or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO2 was observed. 相似文献
3.
V S R Murthy 《Bulletin of Materials Science》1993,16(2):87-108
Research and development efforts on high-temperature, oxidation-resistant fibres have increased over the past decade due to
the demand for light-weight, stiff and strong composite materials in aerospace applications. Varieties of ‘high-performance’,
continuous, non-oxide fibres with low-density, high tensile strength and tensile modulus have been developed either from organic
precursors or via chemical vapour deposition for fabrication of ceramic matrix composites. Fibres derived from polymer precursors
(e.g. Nicalon, Tyranno, HPZ) are small in diameter (compared to CVD monofilaments) and are ideally suited for ceramic composites.
Processing, microstructural stability and mechanical properties of these newly developed SiC and Si3N4 base fibres are briefly reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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利用航天工业行业标准及测试设备对一定真空度条件下的聚胺脂网状泡沫在常温及加温两种不同工况时的出气情况进行测试;对两者的放气量进行比较;对放气机理进行分析探讨。此工作对高真空连续卷绕网状泡沫镀镍设备的真空系统配置具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
介绍了采用模糊控制技术解决真空冻干生产线控制中大超调量、大滞后等问题的方法 ,详述了模糊控制系统的构成、主要功能和实现方法 相似文献
7.
对Shell渣油制氨装置改为渣油和炼厂干气掺烧时控制系统的改造进行了分析论证 ,提出了控制系统的具体改造方案 相似文献
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9.
The technique of analytical pyrolysis has been used to characterize 40 similar mid-rank western Kentucky coals of widely differing ASTM Gieseler plasticity. Certain pyrolysis/g.c. variables were shown to correlate well with both ASTM Gieseler and isothermal plasticity. Highly plastic coals were shown to exhibit certain characteristic peaks in the 450 °C pyrogram which were absent in the pyrogram of the non-plastic coals. Two coals, representing the two extremes in plasticity, were selected for further study. After extraction with solvents such as DMF the characteristic peaks were absent in the 450 °C pyrogram of the extraction residue of the highly plastic coal. These peaks were also shown to decrease with increasing severity of air oxidation of the plastic coal. This technique appears to be a useful tool for the analysis of mid-rank plastic coals and supports the view that the substances contained in the bitumen fraction of these coals are involved in the development of the plastic state. 相似文献
10.