基于效率最优的混联式混合动力驱动系统转矩分配研究

针对一款混联式混合动力汽车,以总体效率最高为目标,用等效BSFC的方法,对发动机和电机间的转矩及2个电机间的转矩进行了分配,得到了发动机、ISG电机和TM电机的转矩分配图。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了混合动力系统控制策略,进行了仿真分析,并把控制策略转换成C代码导入控制器,进行实车测试。仿真和测试结果表明,该控制策略能满足驾驶员需求,实现各动力源间转矩的合理分配,达到节省燃油的目的。     

天然气/柴油双燃料发动机不同天然气供给量计算方法及试验研究

基于试验的方法研究等热值法、理论等空气消耗量法和实际等空气消耗量法3种不同的计算方法对发动机动力性、经济性及排放特性的影响。试验结果表明:等热值法和理论等空气消耗量法对发动机的性能影响差异较小,各工况差异低于5%。实际等空气消耗量法确定的天然气供给量能明显提升发动机动力性,平均增加动力42.33%。不同天然气供给量计算方法在未对燃料供给进行优化时,未能有效降低发动机有效燃料消耗率,在大负荷工况有效燃料消耗率偏差平均为6.85%。双燃料模式下NOx排放得到明显改善,HC+NOx排放在中、高负荷工况时能满足排放限值要求,CO排放在低转速工况满足排放限值要求。     

Synthesis and characterization of cobalt-free Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe0.8Cu0.2O3−δ perovskite oxide cathode nanofibers

The cobalt-free perovskite-oxide, Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_0.8Cu_0.2O_3−δ (BSFC) is a very important cathode material for intermediate-temperature proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells. Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_0.8Cu_0.2O_3−δ nanofibers were synthesized for the first time by a sol-gel electrospinning. Process wherein a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone and acetic acid was used as the spinning aid and barium, strontium, iron and copper nitrates were used as precursors for the synthesis of BSFC nanofibers. X-ray diffraction studies on products prepared at different calcination temperatures revealed a cubic perovskite structure at 900 °C. The temperature of calcination has a direct effect on the crystallization and surface morphology of the nanofibers. High porosity, and surface area, in addition to an electrical conductivity of 69.54 S cm⁻¹ at 600 °C demonstrate the capability of BSFC nanofibers to serve as effective cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.     

内燃机油燃油经济性评定程序Ⅵ试验简介

程序Ⅵ试验是用Buick3．8L V-6型汽油发动机在工作条件相同的情况下，评价节能型内燃机油相对于基准参比油(HR油)的“等效燃油经济性改进”。试验时发动机按3种给定工况运行，采用不停机换内燃机油技术，测定在每一工况下的燃油消耗率。内燃机油的燃油消耗率与规定的20W／30基准参比油(HR油)的燃油消耗率直接进行比较，试验结果用相对于基准参比油的燃油比油耗(BSFC)的变化百分率表示。     

Preparation and characterization of pyrolytic oil through pyrolysis of neem seed and study of performance,combustion and emission characteristics in CI engine

This paper deals with production of pyrolytic oil from neem seed and using this pyrolytic oil in the form of blend with fossil diesel to study the performance and emission characteristics in CI engine. Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of non edible neem seed was performed in a slow fixed bed pyrolyser to produce pyrolytic oil. Maximum pyrolytic oil obtained in thermal pyrolysis was 55% wt and in catalytic pyrolysis was 60% wt using both Al₂O₃ and K₂CO₃ catalysts followed by 41% wt and 38% wt for zeolite and kaolin catalysts respectively. The catalytic pyrolysis improved pH and calorific values of 12.4% and 14.4% respectively as compared to thermal pyrolysis. Blends of neem seed catalytic pyrolytic oil (NB) with fossil diesel in the ratio of 5% (NB5) and 10% (NB10) by volume were tested on an unmodified CI engine. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was lower at part load conditions and higher at full load condition up to 3.7% in the case of blends as compared to fossil diesel operation. Higher Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) was observed in the case of NB5 blend on all load conditions, up to 23.9%. Reduction in emission levels were observed for HC (46.9%), CO (42.2%), CO₂ (29.8%) and NOx (20.7%) at full load condition. This study observed that neem seed catalytic pyrolytic oil is a potential renewable and sustainable green fuel.     

基于等效BSFC和电池SOC平衡的插入式混合动力汽车分段式能量分配策略研究

基于所提出的插入式并联混合动力汽车系统结构,对整车动力/传动系统(包括发动机、电机、电池、离合器、变速箱等子系统)进行了动态精确建模,模拟了行车换挡过程中同步器切换、离合器接合/分离等瞬态过程。根据电池SOC值分段采用最大用电策略或效率优先策略,提出了基于等效BSFC和电池SOC平衡的分段式能量分配策略,兼顾了发动机BSFC和电机充/放电效率,实现了系统在当前转速和输入轴需求转矩下的最佳转矩分配。结果表明,所提出的能量分配策略在不牺牲汽车各项性能的前提下,提高了动力系统工作效率和整车燃油经济性。     

Performance and emission characteristics of an SI engine operated with DME blended LPG fuel

In this study, a spark ignition engine operated with DME blended LPG fuel was experimentally investigated. In particular, performance, emissions characteristics (including hydrocarbon, CO, and NO_x emissions), and combustion stability of an SI engine fuelled with DME blended LPG fuel were examined at 1800 and 3600 rpm.Results showed that stable engine operation was possible for a wide range of engine loads up to 20% by mass DME fuel. Further, we demonstrated that, up to 10% DME, output engine power was comparable to that of pure LPG fuel. Exhaust emissions measurements showed that hydrocarbon and NO_x emissions were slightly increased when using the blended fuel at low engine speeds. However, engine power output was decreased and break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) severely deteriorated with the blended fuel since the energy content of DME is much lower than that of LPG. Furthermore, due to the high cetane number of DME fuel, knocking was significantly increased with DME.Considering the results of the engine power output and exhaust emissions, blended fuel up to 10% DME by mass can be used as an alternative to LPG, and DME blended LPG fuel is expected to have potential for enlarging the DME market.     

Experimental study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and emissions

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of the diesel fuel n-butanol content on the performance and emissions of a heavy duty direct injection diesel engine with multi-injection capability. At fixed engine speed and load, exhaust gas recirculation rates were adjusted to keep NO_x emission at 2.0 g/kW h. Diesel fuels with different amounts (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by volume) of n-butanol were used. The results show that the n-butanol addition can significantly improve soot and CO emissions at constant specific NO_x emission without a serious impact on the break specific fuel consumption and NO_x. The impacts of pilot and post injection on engine characteristics by using blended fuels are similar to that found by using pure diesel. Early pilot injection reduces soot emission, but results in a dramatic increase of CO. Post injection reduces soot and CO emissions effectively. Under each injection strategy, the increase of fuel n-butanol content leads to further reduction of soot. A triple-injection strategy with the highest n-butanol fraction used in this study offers the lowest soot emission.     

可变扫气口对低速机性能优化作用的仿真研究

为了进一步提高低速机热效率,基于一台500 m m缸径的低速机的热力学仿真模型,研究了可变扫气口技术提升低速机热效率的潜力.计算了对称可变扫气口结构和非对称可变扫气口结构在不同发动机负荷、不同扫气口高度下的有效燃油消耗率、排气流量、排气温度等参数.在保证同样的NOx排放水平下,可变扫气口技术能有效提升低速机热效率,油耗...     

Experimental analysis of alternative fuel impact on a new “torque-controlled” light-duty diesel engine for passenger cars

The present paper describes the results of an experimental study performed burning alternative fuels, different per quality and feedstock, in a modern diesel engine compliance the Euro 5 emission standards. Three alternative fuels were tested on the engine and compared with a reference fossil fuel in terms of combustion characteristics, fuel consumption, noise and emissions. The alternative fuels were two biodiesels (RME and SME) and a Fischer-Tropsh (GTL), while the reference fuel was an EU certification diesel fuel. The engine employed in the study was a light-duty diesel engine developed for passenger car and light truck application, and equipped with the new generation ECU able to drive the engine under “torque-controlled” mode by means of instrumented glow-plugs with pressure sensor. The experiments were carried out in a fully instrumented test bench fuelling the engine with the various fuels. The tests were done in a wide range of engine operation points for the complete characterization of the biodiesels performance in the NEDC cycle. Moreover, the trade-off NO_x-PM by EGR sweep in the three most critical test points for the engine emission performance was carried out for all fuels. The test methodology was selected carefully in order to evaluate the interaction between the fuel quality and the engine management strategy. The results put in evidence a strong interaction between the alternative fuel quality and the engine control mode highlighting the great benefits reachable by exploiting simultaneously the alternative fuel quality and the flexibility of the new engine management strategies.