Entropy maximisation and open queueing networks with priorities and blocking

A review is carried out on the characterisation and algorithmic implementation of an extended product-form approximation, based on the principle of maximum entropy (ME), for a wide class of arbitrary finite capacity open queueing network models (QNMs) with service and space priorities. A single server finite capacity GE/GE/1/N queue with R (R>1) distinct priority classes, compound Poisson arrival processes (CPPs) with geometrically distributed batches and generalised exponential (GE) service times is analysed via entropy maximisation, subject to suitable GE-type queueing theoretic constraints, under preemptive resume (PR) and head-of-line (HOL) scheduling rules combined with complete buffer sharing (CBS) and partial buffer sharing (PBS) management schemes stipulating a sequence of buffer thresholds {N=(N₁,…,N_R),0<N_i≤N_i−1,i=2,…,R}. The GE/GE/1/N queue is utilised, in conjunction with GE-type first two moment flow approximation formulae, as a cost-effective building block towards the establishment of a generic ME queue-by-queue decomposition algorithm for arbitrary open QNMs with space and service priorities under repetitive service blocking with random destination (RS-RD). Typical numerical results are included to illustrate the credibility of the ME algorithm against simulation for various network topologies and define experimentally pessimistic GE-type performance bounds. Remarks on the extensions of the ME algorithm to other types of blocking mechanisms, such as repetitive service blocking with fixed destination (RS-FD) and blocking-after-service (BAS), are included.     

低温烧结CaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷及其性能

在CaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃粉末中,通过添加助烧剂制备了CaO-B2O3-SiO2(CBS)玻璃陶瓷材料.研究了助烧剂P2O5和ZnO的助烧作用、材料的介电性能和相组成、显微结构.分析认为,P2O5能促进低熔点玻璃相的形成,ZnO则可以提高玻璃相的粘度,扩大烧结温度范围,并防止试样变形,复合添加P2O5和ZnO可成功烧结CBS玻璃粉末;在CBS玻璃陶瓷材料中,包含有β-CaSiO3、α-SiO2和CaB2O4三种晶相,晶粒发育均匀,粒径分布较合理,大小为0.5μm左右;添加质量分数为2%的P2O5和0.5%的ZnO作烧结助剂,可制备10MHz下,εr为6.38,tanδ小于0.002的玻璃陶瓷材料;烧结温度低于900℃,可实现银、铜电极共烧,可用作LTCC材料.     

构件软件的测试问题综述

基于构件的软件设计方法是软件设计的新趋势。文章介绍了构件及构件软件的概念、特点和由此引发的测试问题,介绍了现有的构件软件的测试方法和测试工具的研究情况。     

改进的基因拷贝数变异检测算法

cnvPartition算法在单核苷酸多态性数据上运算时间复杂度较高。为此,提出一种改进的基因拷贝数变异(CNV)检测算法。将二元分割与cnvPartition算法相结合,优先查找显著变异断点,再检测出隐藏性变异断点。实验结果表明,该算法在位点数增加时,最高可提高50%的检测速度,利于检测出小片段的CNV变异。     

移动通信网的公共预警系统研究

文中根据公共预警系统的需求提出了几种基于移动通信网络的ETWS的解决方案.基于公共预警系统对速度的需要和优化的信息传送的特征,分析了公共预警系统的各项需求,给出预警通知提供方和移动通信网络的信息交互过程,并基于现有的移动通信网络,提出了带特殊IMSI寻呼的CBS、增强的CBS和E-MBMS三种解决方案.其中,增强的CBS方案更为符合全球的需求.     

橡胶硫化促进剂CBS的双氧水氧化法合成

以二巯基苯骈噻唑(促进剂M)、环己胺为原料,水作溶剂,在不使用强酸、强碱及其他催化剂的条件下,采用双氧水作氧化剂合成了N-环己基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺(CBS)。并通过正交实验对其合成工艺进行了优化。结果表明,CBS的最佳合成工艺条件为:n(促进剂M)/n(环己胺)为1.0∶3.0,n(促进剂M)/n(H2O2)为1.0∶1.9,n(环己胺)/n(溶剂水)为1∶55,反应温度为55℃;在此条件下,合成的CBS收率为95.28%,熔点为99.0℃,灰分为0.04%,挥发分为0.07%,其质量达到了国内企业行业标准HG 2096—91优级品指标。     

Mechanisms of Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced Skeletal Muscle Myopathy after Ischemia in the CBS?/+ Mouse Model

Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) elicits lower than normal body weights and skeletal muscle weakness, the mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the fact that HHcy-mediated enhancement in ROS and consequent damage to regulators of different cellular processes is relatively well established in other organs, the nature of such events is unknown in skeletal muscles. Previously, we reported that HHcy attenuation of PGC-1α and HIF-1α levels enhanced the likelihood of muscle atrophy and declined function after ischemia. In the current study, we examined muscle levels of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolizing enzymes, anti-oxidant capacity and focused on protein modifications that might compromise PGC-1α function during ischemic angiogenesis. Although skeletal muscles express the key enzyme (MTHFR) that participates in re-methylation of Hcy into methionine, lack of trans-sulfuration enzymes (CBS and CSE) make skeletal muscles more susceptible to the HHcy-induced myopathy. Our study indicates that elevated Hcy levels in the CBS^−/+ mouse skeletal muscles caused diminished anti-oxidant capacity and contributed to enhanced total protein as well as PGC-1α specific nitrotyrosylation after ischemia. Furthermore, in the presence of NO donor SNP, either homocysteine (Hcy) or its cyclized version, Hcy thiolactone, not only increased PGC-1α specific protein nitrotyrosylation but also reduced its association with PPARγ in C2C12 cells. Altogether these results suggest that HHcy exerts its myopathic effects via reduction of the PGC-1/PPARγ axis after ischemia.     

Chemical and physical characteristics of cocoa butter substitutes, milk fat and malaysian cocoa butter blends

Two ternary systems of confectionery fats were studied. In the first system, lauric cocoa butter substitutes (CBS), anhydrous milk fat (AMF), and Malaysian cocoa butter (MCB) were blended. In the second system, high-melting fraction of milk fat (HMF42) was used to replace AMF and also was blended with CBS and MCB. CBS contained high concentrations of lauric (C_12:0) and myristic (C_14:0) acids, whereas palmitic (C_16:0), stearic (C_18:0), and oleic (C_18:1) acid concentrations were higher in MCB. In addition, AMF and HMF42 contained appreciable amounts of short-chain fatty acids. CBS showed the highest melting enthalpy (143.1 J/g), followed by MCB (138.8 J/g), HMF42 (97.1 J/g), and AMF (72.9 J/g). The partial melting enthalpies at 20 and 30°C demonstrated formation of a eutectic along the binary blends of CBS/MCB, AMF/MCB, and HMF42/MCB. However, no eutectic effect was observed along the binary lines of AMF/CBS and HMF42/CBS. Characteristics of CBS included two strong spacings at 4.20 and 3.8 Å. MCB showed a strong spacing at 4.60 Å and a weak short-spacing at 4.20 Å. On the other hand, AMF exhibited a very weak short-spacing at 4.60 Å and two strong spacings at 4.20 and 3.8 Å, while HMF42 showed an intermediate short-spacing at 4.60 Å and also two strong short-spacings at 4.20 and 3.8 Å. Solid fat content (SFC) analyses at 20°C showed that CBS possessed the highest solid fat (91%), followed by MCB (82.4%), HMF42 (41.4%), and AMF (15.6%). However, at 30°C, MCB showed the highest SFC compared to the other fats. Results showed that a higher SFC in blends that contain HMF does not necessarily correlate with a stronger tendency to form the β polymorph.     

荧光增白剂消光系数检测准确性的影响因素

本文以C．I．荧光增白剂351（荧光增白剂CBS）为例,通过实验讨论了影响荧光增白剂消光系数检测准确性的因素以及对各因素的控制方法。通过浓度与吸光度的标准曲线分析,确认了荧光增白剂CBS消光系数检测的最佳吸光度范围为1．1以内;通过对环境和滞留时间的考察发现,检测环境应充分避光且检测应控制在1小时以内完成;通过标准偏差分析,建议标准HG／T3726—2010中检测消光系数的称样量由0．1g更改为0．2g;通过考察溶液温度变化与消光系数的关系发现,检测溶液每升高1℃消光系数降低1．2;建议检测用仪器设备应严格进行定期检查以控制检测质量。     

CaB2O4/CBS复相陶瓷的制备及性能

研究了偏硼酸钙(CaB2O4)与钙硼硅(CBS)玻璃按不同比例制备的CaB2O4/CBS复相陶瓷的相组成、显微结构、介电性能和热膨胀系数等。在200～500℃时,复相陶瓷的热膨胀系数为10×10–6 K–1。当添加w(CBS)为20%,CaB2O4/CBS复相陶瓷经过930℃保温2 h后,试样主要由CaB2O4晶相和少量的β-CaSiO3晶相所构成。微观结构致密,气孔率低,晶粒尺寸为5μm左右。在10 MHz下,εr为7.18,tanδ为1.2×10–4。