Separation of Indium from Acid Sulfate-Containing Solutions by Ion Exchange with Impregnated Resins

Indium separation using ion exchange resins from acidic polymetallic and very diluted solutions are investigated. Since the selectivity of commercial ion exchange resins have proven to be too low for an effective separation from solutions with high content of other metals, Lewatit® TP 208 was impregnated with common extractants to enhance its properties. By resin impregnation with D2EHPA and Cyanex 272, not only the selective indium recovery was reached but also the resin capacity was increased approx. two times. The best loading and elution performance were shown by Cyanex 272-impregnated Lewatit® TP 208, increasing the indium purity in the eluate from 0.75 % to 85 %.     

Cesium salt of a heteropolyacid in nanotubular channels and on the external surface of SBA-15 crystals: preparation and performance as acidic catalysts

The Cs-salt of heteropolyacid with stoichiometry Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ (CsHPW) was deposited selectively at the external surface of the SBA-15 silica microcrystals, inside its mesoporous channels and simultaneously at both location modes. The structure, texture and performance of these CsHPW/SBA-15 composites were compared with that of a reference bulk salt of the same composition. Location of CsHPW salt on the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals leads to disintegration of its agglomerates increasing acidity of the catalytic phase. A novel preparation strategy consisting of grafting the basic Cs-species at the internal pores surface of SBA-15 stabilized the CsHPW phase inside the channels in form of 5–8 nm nanocrystals at 30–70 wt.% loadings. The catalytic tests demonstrated that insertion of the CsHPW catalytic phase inside the nanotubular channels of SBA-15 in combination with location of an additional amount of this phase at the external surface of SBA-15 microcrystals allows to increase the specific activity of this phase in MTBE synthesis, propionylation of anisole and alkylation of catechol with t-butanol by a factor of 1.5–3. This level of specific activity in combination with high total loading of catalytic phase >60 wt.% permit to get composite catalytic materials with catalytic activity higher by a factor of 1.2–1.5 with respect to the bulk CsHPW catalyst and stabilizing the catalytic phase against colloidization in polar media.     

红麻无卤阻燃化处理

选择氮磷膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)和APP/季戊四醇(PER),采用物理浸渍原理对红麻进行无卤阻燃处理,以提高红麻的耐热性和阻燃性。考察了膨胀阻燃体系以及红麻碱处理对浸渍阻燃效果的影响。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、氧指数、垂直燃烧等测试,对比分析了浸渍处理前后红麻的耐热性能和阻燃性能的变化,并对膨胀阻燃机理进行了研究。结果表明,红麻经过碱处理再浸渍处理,具有较好的热稳定性能和阻燃性能,其氧指数可达32.8,阻燃等级为V-0级。     

Recovery and Separation of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Solvent‐Impregnated Resins

The recovery and separation of metals from aqueous solutions is one of the research hotspots in hydrometallurgy, environment protection, analytical chemistry, etc. Much attention has been paid to solvent‐impregnated resins (SIRs) since these were firstly proposed for the extraction of metals. SIRs are characterized by high efficiency and selectivity, convenient preparation, and easy operation because they combine the unique advantages of solvent extraction and ion exchange. The preparation and features of SIRs are summarized and their applications in the extraction of various metals from solutions are reviewed. In addition, the equilibrium, thermodynamics, and sorption kinetics of the metals onto SIRs are elucidated in detail.     

Recent advances in polybenzimidazole/phosphoric acid membranes for high‐temperature fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most promising technologies for sustainable power generation in the future. In particular, high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) offer several advantages such as increased kinetics, reduced catalyst poisoning and better heat management. One of the essential components of a HT‐PEMFC is the proton exchange membrane, which has to possess good proton conductivity as well as stability and durability at the required operating temperatures. Amongst the various membrane candidates, phosphoric acid‐impregnated polybenzimidazole‐type polymer membranes (PBI/PA) are considered the most mature and some of the most promising, providing the necessary characteristics for good performance in HT‐PEMFCs. This review aims to examine the recent advances made in the understanding and fabrication of PBI/PA membranes, and offers a perspective on the future and prospects of deployment of this technology in the fuel cell market. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

环氧浸纸绝缘材料中水含量的超声检测研究

环氧浸纸绝缘材料内部的绝缘纸易吸附空气中的水分,因而导致材料的电气性能下降。采用超声方法检测环氧浸纸材料中的水含量。研究不同水含量下环氧浸纸材料的介电性能。结果表明:电阻率随着水含量的增加而减小,介质损耗随着水含量的增加而增大;超声波在材料中波速的变化可以反映材料中水含量的高低,波速随着水含量的增加而变大。     

Hydrothermal synthesis and spark plasma sintering of NaY zeolite as solid-state matrices for cesium-137 immobilization

Hydrothermal synthesis of NaY-type zeolite was carried out and the effect of temperature on the phase composition, crystal structure, textural characteristics, particle size and morphology, as well as sorption properties to Cs⁺ ions was studied. Solid-state matrices based on NaY zeolite the Faujasite structure containing 26.1 wt% cesium were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) with high values of compressive strength (to 132.9 MPa) and Vickers microhardness to HV~ 698, Fracture toughness (K_1c) ~ 1.26 MPa m^1/2. The kinetics of ceramic matrices consolidation, phase composition and morphology using dilatometric studies, XRD, and SEM were studied. The thermogravimetric analysis shown the high thermal stability of the obtained samples up to 1300 °C. The high hydrolytic stability of CsAlSiO₄ ceramic was proven (leaching rate of 2.33 ×10^?8 g·cm^?2·day^?1 and cesium diffusion coefficient De 1.41 ×10^?13), which exceeds the requirements of GOST R 50926–96 and ISO 6961:1982 for solid-state matrices.     

浸渍活性炭脱除硫化氢研究进展

介绍了国内外浸渍活性炭脱除硫化氢的研究现状,概述了浸渍活性炭脱除H₂S反应机理的研究进展。归纳了活性炭孔结构、活性炭表面性质、灰分等因素对硫化氢脱除效果的影响。总结了相对湿度、原料气组成、操作温度等工艺条件对硫化氢净化过程的影响。简述了脱硫后活性炭的再生方法。展望了浸渍活性炭脱硫的应用前景。     

冻结速率对冻鸭品质特性的影响

鲜鸭分别于-35℃浸渍冷冻液和风冷冷库中冻至-18℃,然后在-18℃保藏库中贮藏5个月,以解冻汁液流失、蒸煮损失、肌肉剪切力、色泽、pH、TVB-N和微生物为指标,研究冻结速率不同对鸭在冷冻和贮藏过程中品质变化的影响,采用回归分析预测其贮藏期。结果表明:鸭体中心温度降到-18℃,浸渍式冷冻处理组用时仅仅52min,显著短于风冷组的738min;除pH值无显著差异外,浸渍式冷冻组的其他各项品质指标显著优于风冷冷冻组。     

鱼-6鱼雷试验载体发动机阀座和衬套用炭石墨基体材料的研制

介绍鱼－ ６ 鱼雷试验载体发动机阀座和衬套用炭石墨基体材料的研制情况,并对其研制过程进行了总结。试验结果表明,研制的炭石墨基体材料完全能满足鱼－ ６ 鱼雷试验载体发动机阀座和衬套的使用要求。