Computer aided detection system for micro calcifications in digital mammograms

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Early detection is the key for improving breast cancer prognosis. Mammogram breast X-ray is considered the most reliable method in early detection of breast cancer. However, it is difficult for radiologists to provide both accurate and uniform evaluation for the enormous mammograms generated in widespread screening. Micro calcification clusters (MCCs) and masses are the two most important signs for the breast cancer, and their automated detection is very valuable for early breast cancer diagnosis. The main objective is to discuss the computer-aided detection system that has been proposed to assist the radiologists in detecting the specific abnormalities and improving the diagnostic accuracy in making the diagnostic decisions by applying techniques splits into three-steps procedure beginning with enhancement by using Histogram equalization (HE) and Morphological Enhancement, followed by segmentation based on Otsu's threshold the region of interest for the identification of micro calcifications and mass lesions, and at last classification stage, which classify between normal and micro calcifications ‘patterns and then classify between benign and malignant micro calcifications. In classification stage; three methods were used, the voting K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (K-NN) with prediction accuracy of 73%, Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) with prediction accuracy of 83%, and Artificial Neural Network classifier (ANN) with prediction accuracy of 77%.     

基于图像引导滤波的人脸光照预处理算法

针对人脸识别中人脸图像光照预处理的问题,提出一种基于图像引导滤波的人脸光照预处理算法。根据自定义光照标准函数对引导图像和输入图像进行分类,经指数或对数非线性变换调整后进行直方图均衡化处理。采用图像引导滤波对图像细节进行增强,使变换后的图像更清晰。利用空域高通滤波来抑制局部锐化现象。在YaleB人脸数据库上进行验证,结果表明,该算法在识别性能上明显优于经典的主成分分析法,识别率可以提高2%~8%。     

爱因斯坦的高等教育观

爱因斯坦是二十世纪科学巨匠,和科学贡献一样,他的高等教育观是十分深刻的。爱因斯坦的高等教育观,本文梳理为六条:兴趣和爱好是最好的老师;想象力比知识更重要;发展独立思考和独立判断能力;讨论是学习的好形式;鼓励学生去实际行动;学校教育的目标是培养和谐的人。研究爱因斯坦的高等教育观,对于深化高等教育改革与培养高素质人才,具有积极意义。     

HE染色乳腺癌组织病理图像癌巢与间质分割研究

HE染色的乳腺癌组织病理图像是分析诊断乳腺癌常用的方法,病理学家普遍认为癌巢和间质的病理形态学特征对研究乳腺癌的生物学行为有着预示作用,所以准确分割癌巢和间质显得尤为重要。对于HE染色乳腺癌组织病理图像,视癌巢和间质的分割为图像中像素点的分类问题,提取并分析特征,选取最佳特征组合,然后分类为癌巢或间质,并结合间隔采样、归一化与阈值法。实验表明,该方法能较为准确地分割出癌巢和间质,保证较高准确率和精度,在时间效率上能达到较为满意的结果。     

EAST 装置电子回旋共振加热系统波纹圆波导研究*

在EAST装置上正在建设140GHz/4MW/1000s电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)系统,单个回旋管输出的1MW功率通过波纹圆波导传输到天线聚焦镜上,然后经天线反射镜进入等离子体。运用表面阻抗法对波纹圆波导进行了理论分析,针对EAST装置ECRH系统需求的140GHz波纹圆波导进行了设计研究,所设计的波导传输模式为HE11模,具备1MW连续波运行能力且欧姆损耗低于0.02d B/100m,同时分析了HE11模在波导口外辐射模式及其与TEM00模耦合特性。     

Dye‐affinity hollow‐fibres and their lysozyme adsorption–desorption characteristics

Dye‐affinity adsorption is increasingly used for protein separation. Hollow‐fibres have advantages as adsorbents in comparison to conventional bead supports because they are not compressible and can eliminate internal diffusion limitations. The aim of this study was to explore in detail the performance of polyamide hollow‐fibres to which Reactive Green HE‐4BD was attached for adsorption of lysozyme. The hollow‐fibre was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. These dye‐carrying hollow‐fibres (26.3 µmol g^?1) were used in the lysozyme adsorption–elution studies. The effect of initial concentration of lysozyme and medium pH on the adsorption efficiency of dye‐attached hollow‐fibres was studied in a batch system. The non‐specific adsorption of lysozyme on the polyamide hollow‐fibres was 1.8 mg g^?1. Reactive Green HE‐4BD attachment significantly increased the lysozyme adsorption up to 41.1 mg g^?1. Langmuir adsorption model was found to be applicable in interpreting lead adsorption by Reactive Green HE‐4BD attached hollow fibres. Significant amount of the adsorbed lysozyme (up to 95%) was eluted in 1 h in the elution medium containing 1.0 M NaSCN at pH 8.0. In order to determine the effects of adsorption conditions on possible conformational changes of lysozyme structure, fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed. We concluded that polyamide dye‐affinity hollow‐fibres can be applied for lysozyme adsorption without causing any significant conformational changes. Repeated adsorption–elution processes showed that these dye‐attached hollow‐fibres are suitable for lysozyme adsorption. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

HE4 Transcription- and Splice Variants-Specific Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Correlation with Patient Survival

We investigated the HE4 variant-specific expression patterns in various normal tissues as well as in normal and malignant endometrial tissues. The relationships between mRNA variants and age, body weight, or survival are analyzed. ICAT-labeled normal and endometrial cancer (EC) tissues were analyzed with multidimensional liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of HE4 mRNA variants were measured by real-time PCR. Mean mRNA levels were compared among 16 normal endometrial samples, 14 grade 1 and 14 grade 3 endometrioid EC, 15 papillary serous EC, and 14 normal human tissue samples. The relationship between levels of HE4 variants and EC patient characteristics was analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation test. We found that, although all five HE4 mRNA variants are detectable in normal tissue samples, their expression is highly tissue-specific, with epididymis, trachea, breast and endometrium containing the highest levels. HE4-V0, -V1, and -V3 are the most abundant variants in both normal and malignant tissues. All variants are significantly increased in both endometrioid and papillary serous EC, with higher levels observed in grade 3 endometrioid EC. In the EC group, HE4-V1, -V3, and -V4 levels inversely correlate with EC patient survival, whereas HE4-V0 levels positively correlate with age. HE4 variants exhibit tissue-specific expression, suggesting that each variant may exert distinct functions in normal and malignant cells. HE4 levels appear to correlate with EC patient survival in a variant-specific manner. When using HE4 as a biomarker for EC management, the effects of age should be considered.     

半穿甲战斗部碰靶的炸药安定性计算模型

采用应力波传播理论和能量原理，通过研究半穿甲战斗部，在碰靶时产生的应力波在靶板、弹顶和装药间的传播、反射和透射，以及装药对冲击载荷的化学响应，建立截锥头部的半穿甲战斗部碰靶装药安定性计算模型，计算结果与模拟试验结果较吻合。     

何蔚文诗歌创作简论

大理浪穹的文学家何蔚文是明朝末年诗文创作较有成就的一员。他虽生活在乱世,生活困顿却不减诗情,为后人留下了诗歌一百二十余首。这些作品均出之于真情,出之于生活。艺术风格有崇尚古朴、讲求趣味和以诗讽世的特点。透过他的诗歌,有助于了解明清易代时期百姓生活的艰难,南明王朝在云南的政治变迁,知识分子消极避世的无奈,士子们借诗友唱和排遣生活、寻求慰藉的状况等。基于此,论述了何蔚文的现实生活和真实情感,分析了其身逢乱世却品德高尚、一心为诗的实际,进而论述了其诗歌的主要内容与时代、个人生活、情怀的关系等。     

Mechanical behavior of electrochemically hydrogenated electron beam melting (EBM) and wrought Ti–6Al–4V using small punch test

The influence of electrochemical charging of hydrogen at j = ?5 mA/cm² for 6, 12, 48 and 96 h on the structural and the mechanical behavior of wrought and electron beam melting (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V alloys containing 6 wt% β and similar impurities level was investigated. The length of the α/β interphase boundaries in the EBM alloy was larger by 34% compared to that in the wrought alloy. The small punch test (SPT) technique was used to characterize the mechanical behavior of the non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated specimens. It was found that the maximum load and the displacement at maximum load of the wrought alloy remained nearly stable after 6 h of charging, showing a maximum decrease of ～32% and 11%, respectively. Similarly, hydrogenation of the EBM alloy resulted in a gradual degradation in mechanical properties with charging time, up to ～81% and 86% in pop-in load and displacement at the “pop-in” load, respectively. The mode of fracture of the wrought alloy changed from ductile to semi-brittle with mud-cracking in all hydrogenated specimens. In contrast, the mode of fracture of the EBM alloy changed from a mixed mode ductile-brittle fracture to brittle fracture with star-like morphology. The degraded mechanical properties of the EBM alloy are attributed to its α/β lamellar microstructure which acted as a short-circuit path and enhanced hydrogen diffusion into the bulk as well as δ_a and δ_b hydride formation on the surface. In contrast, a surface layer with higher concentration of δ_a and δ_b hydrides in the wrought alloy served as a barrier to hydrogen uptake into the bulk and increased the alloy resistivity to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This study shows that EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloy is more susceptible to mechanical degradation due to HE than wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloy.