用仿真工具优化车辆动力系统(一)

在本文的第一部分，介绍了一种理想的车辆动力系统的计算机辅助开发过程。它显示了现代仿真技术在产品持续发展过程中的作用，该技术采用硬件回路作非在线的仿真，并通过现代化的试验手段对车辆进行匹配。特别重要的是提供了将电控变速器和发动机控制单元综合的可能性。接着是在线仿真在诸如发动机和变速器模式方面的应用和发展，它是上述开发过程的基础。根据上述的方法论，本文论述了仿真技术已取得的成绩和将来的应用可能性。     

厚断面球铁的声速

论述了影响厚断面球铁声速和声波衰减的各种因素。指出，必须在应力状态下同时考核声速和声波衰减，以作为判别厚断面球铁材质的一种手段。     

富集孢粉化石的一种方法

本论述了孢粉，沟鞭藻化石与矿物颗粒相互分离的方法，并与传统的氢氟酸冷处理方法进行实验对比。结果表明，该方法摒弃有毒重液，提高了化石收获率。     

用于重离子核反应实验测量的纵向电场气体电离室

本文报道了一种新型的大动态范围，多叠层探测器系统组件之一的纵向电场气体电离室的构造，性能和在中能得离子核反应实验中的应用。     

Process heat integration of a heavy crude hydrotreatment plant

The present paper focuses on the study of process alternatives for heat integration of a heavy crude oil hydrotreatment plant. Experimental information obtained from a pilot scale, kinetics and reactor modeling tools, and a commercial process simulator were employed to develop mass and energy balances. Four study cases, which employ a combination of quenching and heat exchangers, were identified and evaluated. The results indicated that the case with two quenches with hydrogen and three heat exchangers is the best process heat integration (PHI) option from an energetic point of view.     

Determination of gas dispersion in vapor extraction of heavy oil and bitumen

In this work, a mathematical model is developed and simulated to determine gas dispersion along with solubility during the vapor extraction (Vapex) of live oil from a laboratory scale physical model. The physical model is a rectangular block of homogenous porous medium saturated with heavy oil and bitumen. At a given temperature and pressure, the block is initially exposed on its side to a solvent gas, which diffuses into the medium and gets absorbed. The absorption of gas reduces the viscosity of heavy oil and bitumen causing it to drain under gravity. The low-viscosity “live oil” is produced at the bottom of the porous block. The production of live oil with time is accompanied by the shrinkage of oil in the block as well as its increased exposure to gas from top. These phenomena of Vapex are described by the mathematical model, which is used to calculate live oil production with various values of gas solubility and dispersion. Their optimal values are determined for the vapor extraction of Cold Lake bitumen with butane by matching calculated live oil production with its experimental values published earlier.     

Electrokinetic remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals

This paper describes the results obtained from an electrokinetic treatment of a real soil polluted by lead acetate. Powdered soil samples were pressed with a consolidometer till 100 kPa to obtain cylindrical specimens with the same characteristics as a subsoil. Tests were carried out in a Perspex electrochemical cell where soil specimens were introduced with a hollow punch. A low intensity direct current was applied in order to remove contaminants, due to electrophoresis and electroosmosis phenomena. The water flow, conductivity, apparent electroosmotic coefficient, as well as other characteristic parameters, were measured throughout the test. The water content and degree of pore saturation were estimated at the beginning and end of the test. The soil slab was divided into four slices and the Pb concentration profile determined. The main factor governing the extraction of contaminant was found to be the pH in the acidic range. Indeed, under these conditions high removal efficiencies could be reached. These results could lead to the design of a new electrochemical treatment cell equipped with a cationic membrane to expand the region of favourable pH within the soil.     

Sequentially Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metals in Low Buffering Clayey Soils

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation undertaken to evaluate different purging solutions to enhance the removal of multiple heavy metals, particularly chromium, nickel, and cadmium, from a low buffering clay, specifically kaolin, during electrokinetic remediation. Experiments were conducted on kaolin spiked with Cr(VI), Ni(II), and Cd(II) in concentrations of 1,000, 500, and 250 mg/kg, respectively, which simulate typical electroplating waste contamination. A total of five different tests were performed to investigate the effect of different electrode purging solutions on the electrokinetic remedial efficiency. A constant DC voltage gradient of 1 V/cm was applied for all the tests. The removal of heavy metals from the soil using tap water as the purging solution was very low. When 1 M acetic acid was used as the purging solution in the cathode, the removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium was increased to 20, 19, and 13%, respectively. Using 0.1 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid as the purging solution in the cathode, 83% of the initial Cr was removed; however, the nickel and cadmium removal was very low. A sequentially enhanced electrokinetic remediation approach involving the use of water as a purging solution at both the anode and cathode initially, followed by the use of acetic acid as the cathode purging solution and a NaOH alkaline solution as the anode purging solution was tested. This sequential approach resulted in a maximum removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium of 68–71, 71–73, and 87–94%, respectively. This study shows that the sequential use of appropriate electrode purging solutions, rather than a single electrode purging solution, is necessary to remediate multiple heavy metals in soils using electrokinetics.     

光连结的过道——谈王功景观桥夜景

桥不仅中介于两岸之间，而且这桥面之上的空间气候，又不同于桥面下之气候，一个是钢构与天空的对话，一个是钢构与海水的对话．这些不同的型态．引领着一段段新的生活故事在此发生。设计的完成，仅是一段前言的论述，随着居民与游客的集聚，才正开始写下属于王功渔港的新文本。[编者按]     

车辆TPMS轮速传感器误差消除方法研究

轮胎压力监测系统能够实时地自动监测行驶中汽车的轮胎气压,对于提高行车安全具有重要的意义。基于轮胎压力监测系统硬件平台,阐述了轮速信号的获取,研究了异点剔除方法,提出了基于弹性BP神经网络分析轮速传感器误差的方法,实现了对轮速信号的修正。仿真和实验结果表明,该轮速传感器误差消除方法的精度可达2×10-4rad,能够显著降低传感器误差,提高轮速信号的获取精度。