烷基化原料预加氢工艺应用分析

由于来自催化裂化装置的烷基化原料中所含有的丁二烯在烷基化反应中可生成重质油,使产品干点上升,辛烷值下降,并使酸耗增加.针对这种状况,齐鲁石化公司研究院和胜利炼油厂联合开发了QSH-01烷基化原料预加氢催化剂及其相应的工艺技术,来脱除原料中丁二烯.笔者对该工艺技术及其应用作了阐述,并对该技术的应用前景作出分析.     

Effect of phosphorus on activity of hydrotreating catalyst of Maya heavy crude

The effect of phosphorus on physical properties of the catalyst and on activity of hydrotreating of Maya crude was studied in this work. Catalysts were prepared by the co-impregnation method. Alumina-titania binary oxide was used as a support material. The presence of phosphorus in the catalyst decreases the percentage of micropores, and it results in a decrease of specific surface area. Temperature program reduction (TPR) shows that phosphates reduce metal support interaction. It leads to the formation of polymolybdate phases in expense of strongly bonded tetrahedral molybdates. At higher P loading, polymolybdates may be present with quasi crystalline MoO₃. However, the TPR experiment is not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish several phases present on the catalysts used by the authors. A slight increment of HDM activity is observed, but HDS activity is lower in the P containing catalyst compared with the P free catalyst. The changes of physical properties of the spent catalysts are mainly due to the coke formation on the catalyst. The presence of phosphorus on hydrotreating catalysts inhibits coke formation during the hydrotreating reaction.     

Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].     

481－2B加氢精制催化剂的生产及应用

本文介绍了４８１－２Ｂ加氢精制催化剂的生产及应用。     

氮化镍钨加氢精制催化剂氮化过程的TG—DTA研究

通过对镍钨单金属氧化物、双金属氧化物、负载型金属氧化物和工业镍钨系列G1催化剂在氢氮混合气中还原氮化和钝化过程的TG-DTA原位实验,分别考察了反应温度、氢氮比、中间产物、助剂等因素对镍钨金属氧化物氮化历程的影响。结果表明,WO3可以在氢氮混合气中被还原氮化;氮化反应分两段进行;在氢氮体积比(4～5)∶1,反应温度650℃的条件下,WO3可以被还原为产物W2N;在不同氢氮比的混合气中氮化,WO3会生成不同的中间产物WO2和WOXNY,中间产物WOXNY进一步氮化生成W2N要比WO2容易;助剂Ni的加入使氮化反应温度降低了100℃;载体γ-Al2O3的加入使金属氧化物的氮化过程变为一步氮化还原反应。氮化产物W2N在通常条件下只会与空气中的氧发生表层氧化,而不会发生剧烈的氧化燃烧。因此,对于氮化产物W2N不必进行钝化处理。利用氮化处理技术,可以对现有工业催化剂进行氮化处理。     

Catalytic hydrotreating of pyro-oil derived from green microalgae spirulina the (Arthrospira) plantensis over NiMo catalysts impregnated over a novel hybrid support

Upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil by a novel catalytic hydrotreating process, including hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) was found as an effective technical method for the improvement of biofuel characteristics. In this study, for the first time, the performance of a novel meso-microporous composite material, HMS-ZSM-5, as a support on the catalytic activity of NiMo-based catalysts in the bio-oil hydrotreating was evaluated. The experiments were carried out in a flow fixed-bed reactor at the temperature range of 300–360 °C, 30 bar pressure, and LHSV = 4 h-1. Also, the results were and compared with those of HMS, ZSM-5, and γ-Al2O3 supports. For all catalysts, the increase in temperature resulted in the enhancement of HDO and HDN reactions efficiency. NiMo/HMS-ZSM-5 possessed a high acid property which contributed to the removal of oxygen and nitrogen from bio-oil, with the conversion of 84.10% and 69.60%, respectively. Therefore, the novel catalyst of this study represented much superior upgrading performances compared with those of stand-alone NiMo/HMS and NiMo/ZSM-5 catalysts and also the conventional catalyst of NiMo/γ-Al2O3.     

ICP—OES方法测定RN型加氢催化剂中金属杂质含量

RN型加氢催化剂在石油化工领域有广泛应用,金属杂质含量的高低将直接影响催化剂的活性。本文建立了一种电感耦合等离子发射光谱法（ICP—OES）方法测定RN型加氢催化剂中Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Ti、Mn、K、Zn和Na金属杂质元素含量的分析方法。方法的测定范围在100mg／kg～10000mg／kg,加标回收率为90％～105％,相对标准偏差在10％以内。该方法操作简便,数据准确可靠,已应用于RN型加氢催化剂的日常分析中,精密度可满足对样品的分析要求。     

固定床渣油加氢反应器结垢原因分析及对策

固定床渣油加氢技术是重油改质的重要手段,是优化重油催化裂化装置原料的主要措施.工业运转表明,反应器结垢是制约固定床渣油加氢装置满负荷生产和长周期运转的最重要因素之一.通过对固定床渣油加氢反应器结垢原因的分析,提出了抑制反应器结垢的措施.认为通过采取强化原料管理和严格日常操作管理等措施,能够抑制反应器结垢,延长装置的运转周期.     

不同渣油加氢级配体系脱硫性能研究

在固定床连续操作装置进行渣油加氢中试试验。试验过程考察三种不同渣油加氢催化剂级配的稳定性。同时,运用反应动力学模型对不同反应条件的中试数据进行了归一化对比研究。研究结果表明,在相同操作条件下级配体系1和级配体系3中试试验的加氢脱硫活性、稳定性相近,均高于级配体系2中试试验结果。该研究结果可为工业装置的催化剂级配选择提供参考。     

利用先进的加氢工艺生产清洁柴油

介绍了国内开发并已经成功工业应用的先进柴油加氢工艺,为企业生产高质量清洁柴油提供适时有力的技术支撑,增加了企业的经济和社会效益。