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1.
多用途放射性废物焚烧系统工程验证试验 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
对建立的多用途放射性废物焚烧系统,进行了工程验证试验。试验主要包括固体废物(包括树脂)和废油焚烧及烟气净化时系统的性能测定、非放示踪试验、72h连续运行考验等。经过共计500多小时的试验,验证了工艺流程、主要设备结构、仪表测控及系统安全等设计的可行性和可靠性;系统运行平稳,设备及仪表工作正常。本系统可一炉多用,其处理能力、减容系数、焚烧灰中残炭率以及系统总去污系数等指标,均达到了设计要求。 相似文献
2.
The wood carbonization in Tunisia consists essentially of traditional activity using charcoaling stacks and pits characterized by high atmospheric pollution and poor energy conversion. Indeed, 70% of the initial mass of anhydrous wood are found in the vapor as aerosols, polluting and toxic gases and complex condensable organic compounds that can cause a substantial pollution of air, ground and water. Several processes of treatment and energy valorization of such effluents were proposed, but the incineration remains at present the most promising technique of depollution. The results show that the incineration, at about 1000°C, of wood carbonization smokes allows the destruction of 99% of the mass of pollutants except CO2 and the reduction of polluting gas emission. The possible valorization of the smoke’s energy in the exit of the incinerator enhances the thermal efficiency of the process. 相似文献
3.
Solubility measurements of several oxides in molten NaCl-KCl and NaCl-KCl-Na2SO4-K2SO4 were conducted in three different levels of basicity. The dissolution behavior of the oxides showed almost the same tendency as that shown by the dissolution behavior of the oxides in molten Na2SO4 in literature. In a waste incineration environment, a protective Cr2O3 film easily dissolves in molten chlorides as CrO42− because pO2− of the molten chlorides tends to have a small value due to the effect of water vapor contained in the combustion gas. From the result of the solubility measurement, the addition of molybdenum and/or silicon was expected to improve the corrosion resistance of alloys. Laboratory corrosion tests confirmed this expectation. However, the scale analysis suggested that the effect of molybdenum could not be explained completely by only the mechanism derived from the result of the solubility measurement. 相似文献
4.
Gwang-Suk You Ji-Whan Ahn Gi-Chun Han Hee-Chan Cho 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2006,23(2):237-240
This study measures the neutralizing capacity of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration of different particle
sizes. We examine the effect of particle size on the weathering process, a method popularly used for stabilization of heavy
metals in incineration of bottom ash. The distribution of particle sizes in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash
is rather broad, ranging from fine powder to as large as 40 mm in diameter. Although considered a by-product highly suitable
as a road construction material, the high level of heavy metal leaching is an obstacle to its reuse. Weathering, a method
used to reduce heavy metal leaching, is a lengthy process taking over thee months to complete. The chief reaction involved
in weathering is carbonation occurring between Ca(OH)2 in bottom ash and CO2(g) in the atmosphere. During this process, CaCO3 is produced, causing the pH level to drop from over 12 to about 8.2 and reducing heavy metal leaching. In this paper, we
attempt to determine the particle size best suited for reducing the period required for weathering bottom ash by identifying
characteristics of different particle sizes that affect heavy metal leaching and neutralization. 相似文献
5.
Two kinds of fly ash, discharged in the combustion of either refused derived fuel (RDF) or car shredder dust (SD), were examined for the emission of heavy metals in melting process under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The residual fractions of heavy metal in slag were experimentally estimated. As a result, it was confirmed that several volatile heavy metals were readily emitted during melting process. The type of atmosphere provided for the melting process was found to affect the emission of some volatile metals in RDF ash, but not in SD ash. The emission of volatile heavy metals in RDF ash under oxidizing conditions was lower than under any other conditions in this study. The emission behavior of iron and heavy metals in RDF ash under reducing conditions was similar to that in SD ash. These facts indicated that phosphorous in RDF ash had the property of fixing the volatile metals in the slag only under oxidizing conditions. Then the mixture of SD ash with phosphorous oxide powder was also tested in a melting process, and the result was consistent with the above inference of the effect of phosphorous. 相似文献
6.
7.
For mitigating the emission of greenhouse gas CO2 from general air combustion systems, a clean combustion technology O2/RFG is in development. The O2/RFG combustion technology can significantly enhance the CO2 concentration in the flue gas; however, using almost pure oxygen or pure CO2 as feed gas is uneconomic and impractical. As a result, this study proposes a modified O2/RFG combustion technology in which the minimum pure oxygen is mixed with the recycled flue gas and air to serve as the feed gas. The effects of different feed gas compositions and ratios of recycled flue gas on the emission characteristics of CO2, CO and NOx during the plastics incineration are investigated by theoretical and experimental approaches.Theoretical calculations were carried out by a thermodynamic equilibrium program and the results indicated that the emissions of CO2 were increased with the O2 concentrations in the feed gas and the ratios of recycled flue gas increased. Experimental results did not have the same trends with theoretical calculations. The best feed gas composition of the modified O2/RFG combustion was 40% O2 + 60% N2 and the best ratio of recycled flue gas was 15%. As the O2 concentration in feed gas and the ratio of recycled flue gas increased, the total flow rates and pressures of feed gas reduced. The mixing of solid waste and feed gas was incomplete and the formation of CO2 decreased. Moreover, the emission of CO was decreased as the O2 concentration in feed gas and the ratio of recycled flue gas increased. The emission of NOx gradually increased with rising the ratio of recycled flue gas at lower O2 concentration (<40%) but decreased at higher O2 concentration (>60%). 相似文献
8.
9.
Olusegun Oguntoke Olufemi K. Otusanya Harold J. Annegarn 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(6):964-975
This paper reports an assessment of the effects of wood waste burning on air quality and the perceived human health in an urban setting. The concentrations of particulates and selected gases were monitored within the vicinity of sawmills in Abeokuta metropolis. The levels of CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, NO2, H2S, CH4 and particulates at distances from sawmill dumps were measured using portable samplers. Additionally, information on sawmill operations and health problems encountered by the exposed population were collected from a community survey. From the data analyses, between 60 and 100% of wood waste generated by sawmills were burned openly, leading to pollutants emission. The mean concentrations of PM0.3–0.5 (32 523–40 284 μg/m3), NO2 (1.0 ppm), SO2 (3.3 ppm), CO (759 ppm) and CO2 (4.9%) were higher than the permissible limits at 0–15 m from the dump sites. Almost all sampled parameters showed positive association (R = 0.90–0.98; p < 0.05) at sample sites. Moreover, distance of sites to the dumps explained 51–93% of the variation in parameters levels. Both respiratory and dermal diseases were frequently experienced by the exposed population. Strict land-use zoning, pollution abatement measures, environmental quality monitoring and waste-to-energy interventions are urgently required in the study area. 相似文献
10.
Hui-Chao Chen Chang-Sui Zhao Yong-wang Li Duan-Feng Lu 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):906-910
An incineration test of a toxic chemical organic waste liquid was conducted on a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator.
The flue gas was measured online with the advanced SAE-19 flue gas analyzer. The effects of several factors, in terms of flow
rate of waste liquid, ratio of waste liquid injected into dense bed of the CFB, excess air coefficient, the secondary air
fraction and bed temperature on NO
x
emissions, were verified. The experimental results show that NO emissions in flue gas increase with increase in the flow
rate of the waste liquid injected into the bed or the excess air coefficient or the bed temperature and those decrease with
increase in the ratio of waste liquid injected into the dense bed of the CFB or the secondary air fraction. During the test
runs, NO
x
concentration in flue gas met the national regulation on NO
x
emissions due to suppressive effect of low temperature and staged combustion in CFB on NO
x
formation.
This paper was presented at the 6
th
Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006. 相似文献