Hydrocarbon-based electrode ionomer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

The electrode ionomer is a key factor that significantly affects the catalyst layer morphology and fuel cell performance. Herein, sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)-based electrode ionomers with polymers of various molecular weights and alcohol/water mixtures were prepared, and those comprising the alcohol/water mixture showed a higher performance than the ones prepared using higher boiling solvents, such as dimethylacetamide; this is owing to the formation of the uniformly dispersed ionomer catalyst layer. The relation between ionomer molecular weight for the same polymer structure and the sulfonation degree was investigated. Because the chain length of polymer varies with molecular weight and chain entanglement degree, its molecular weight affects the electrode morphology. As the ionomer covered the catalyst, the agglomerates formed were of different morphologies according to their molecular weight, which could be deduced indirectly through dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the fuel cell performance was confirmed in the current-voltage curve.     

Ionomer composites based on sepiolite/hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) block copolymer systems

Ionomeric composites based on sepiolite and hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) block copolymer were obtained and characterized from a microstructural and electrical point of view. Before blending, because of the high silanol group concentration in the sepiolite, the latter could be organophilized with suitable coupling agents. The resulting materials were easily processed into thin films or membranes 0.2–0.4 mm thick, their conductivity in some cases approaching 10^?1 S/cm. Their suitability for film formation and good electrical properties indicate potential applications as electrolytes in polymer fuel cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3512–3519, 2002     

离聚物对PET／LDPE共混物的结构与性能研究

用双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出的方法合成了低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸镧（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＬａ）离聚物。与其它方法相比，该法具有工艺简单，易于工业化生产的特点。我们将离聚物与ＰＥＴ，ＬＤＰＥ在双螺杆挤出机上熔融共混挤出，并用注射成型机制备标准样条，对共混物力学性能进行了测试，发现离聚物有显著的增韧效果，另外，通过ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，溶解性实验，分子量的测定等还考察了离聚物对ＰＥＴ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的结构影响。     

Electrochemical preparation of epinephrine/Nafion chemically modified electrodes and their electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid and dopamine

Two types of epinephrine and cyclized epinephrine quinone films have been prepared using cyclic voltammetry from the epinephrine in the strong acidic solutions and neutral aqueous solutions over different scanning potential ranges. The cyclic voltammogram of the epinephrine film is characterized by one redox couple at about +0.5 V (versus Ag|AgCl) and cyclized epinephrine quinone film exhibits one redox couples at about −0.15 V (versus Ag|AgCl) .In addition to cyclic voltammetry and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) were used to study the growth mechanism of the epinephrine and cyclized epinephrine quinone molecules. The electrocatalytic oxidation of catecholamines (dopamine and norepinephrine) and also ascorbic acid were investigated in acidic aqueous solutions using epinephrine films. The rotating ring-disk electrode technique was used to investigate the mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of dopamine and ascorbic acid.     

溶剂对全氟磺酸再铸膜性能的影响

将氯碱工业用过的废离子交换膜放入乙醇水溶液中，在250℃和10MPa条件下溶解4h，固液分离后，得到，浓度为7．2％的全氟磺酸离子交换树脂（PFSI）溶液。并分别利用高沸点溶剂（HBPS）——二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、乙二醇（EO）、吡硌烷酮（NMP）和二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）置换其中的低沸点溶剂，采用浇铸法制备了再铸全氟磺酸质子交换膜。通过测定再铸膜（RCM）的交换容量、电导率、抗拉强度和X射线衍射谱图等研究了浇铸温度、浇铸时间和HBPS种类等条件对RCM性能的影响。结果显示：RCM的最佳成膜温度和时间分别为140℃和2h，温度高于180℃，部分PFSI开始分解，电导率和离子交换容量有所下降，时间低于2h，HBPS不能完全从RCM中挥发，RCM的机械强度和稳定性低。HBPS的种类和加入比例影响RCM的结晶程度和晶粒大小，HBPS加入量过少，在HBPS挥发完之前，PFSI没有足够的时间结晶，稳定性差，最好的HBPS是二甲基亚砜和吡硌烷酮，RCM与Nafion112具有相近的燃料电池性能。     

Sorption and permeation of solutions of chloride salts, water and methanol in a Nafion membrane

The sorption of water–methanol mixtures containing a dissolved chloride salt in a Nafion 117 membrane, and their transport through the membrane under the driving force of a pressure gradient, have been studied. Both type of experiments was performed by using five different salts: lithium chloride, sodium chloride, cesium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. It was observed that both the permeation flow through the membrane and the membrane swelling increase significantly with the methanol content of the solutions. These facts are attributed to the increase in wet membrane porosity, which brings about the increase of the mobility of solvents in the membrane, besides the increase of the mobility of the polymer pendant chains. In contrast, the influence of the type of electrolyte on the membrane porosity and permeability is not very important, with the exception of the CsCl solutions, which is probably due to the small hydration ability of the Cs⁺ ion.     

Molecular dynamics studies of a model polymer-catalyst-carbon interface

Classical molecular dynamics simulations are performed to obtain insights into structural and dynamical behavior of water and O₂ transport through a model polymer membrane, and at the interface of such hydrated polymer with graphite-supported nanocatalyst platinum particles. Water clustering is observed near the membrane hydrophilic sites constituted by sulfonic groups, which due to their affinity with platinum, are located near the metallic surface. It is found that the diffusion of water through the model hydrated polymer membrane depends strongly on the level of membrane hydration due to contribution from various mechanisms whose relative weights change with the degree of hydration. Possible scenarios for O₂ diffusion are also analyzed.     

Characteristics of membrane humidifiers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Water management plays an important role in obtaining high performance from a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To reduce the volume and energy consumption of widely-used bubble humidifiers, membrane humidifiers were fabricated by using an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and Nafion membranes. The performance of the membrane humidifiers was examined as a function of gas flow rate and operating temperature. A single cell was operated using the UF membrane humidifiers exhibiting almost the same performance with that employing bubble humidifiers.     

离子交朕无规羧基橡胶

综述了离子交联无规羧基橡胶（羧基橡胶）的制备方法、硫化方法、硫化胶性能及其用途，指出了羧基橡胶今后的发展方向。