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1.
2.
利用高酸值餐饮废油脂制备生物柴油 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以高酸值餐饮废油脂为原料,在酯化反应后再经两步酯交换反应制备生物柴油。在酯化反应中添加吸水剂可降低油脂的酸值,经一次酯化反应即可将油脂的酸值降至2m g/g左右,满足酯交换反应的要求。考察了酯化反应中吸水剂的添加方式、种类及其用量对酯化反应的影响,以及酯交换催化剂的种类及用量对脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)收率和产物组成的影响。实验结果表明,以凹凸棒土为吸水剂(用量为餐饮废油脂中游离脂肪酸质量的3%),且在酯化反应30m in时加入,酯化效果较好;以质量比为1∶1的NaOH和KOH混合物为催化剂进行两步酯交换反应时,催化剂的最佳用量依次为1.00%和0.75%(质量分数,基于油脂的质量),FAME收率最高达到96.33%。 相似文献
3.
Jichen Qin 《Chemical engineering science》2006,61(18):6154-6164
A model of continuous melt transesterification of bisphenol-A and diphenyl carbonate in a continuous stirred tank reactor is developed using phase equilibria assumption and the method of molecular weight moments. The model equations can be simplified into a polynomial system that has 17 equations and 17 unknowns. Solution of the polynomial system gives out almost every aspects of the continuous transesterification process. Molecular weight and polydispersity index, end group ratio of hydroxyl to phenyl carbonate, contents of molecular species, and lost diphenyl carbonate fractions are studied in different operation parameters. 相似文献
4.
酶促合成生物柴油反应动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Candidasp.99-125脂肪酶为催化剂,甘油三油酸酯和甲醇为底物,采用有序机制模型对酶促合成生物柴油的酯交换反应动力学进行了研究,并与经典乒乓机制模型进行了比较。研究结果表明,反应初速率的实验值与有序机制模型方程的计算值吻合很好。对于固定化Candidasp.99-125脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油的酯交换反应机理进行研究,采用有序机制模型比经典乒乓机制模型更为精确。反应过程中,醇抑制为竞争性抑制,在甘油三油酸酯浓度较小的范围内,醇抑制作用较为显著,醇浓度越低反应初速率越快。该有序机制模型可用来预测生物柴油的生产批次或连续反应器中酯交换反应的速率,确定最佳底物油脂和醇的浓度。 相似文献
5.
The 1,3-specific lipase-catalyzed interesterified fats were distinguished from chemically catalyzed products by the fatty
acids in the 2-position. The fatty acid contents in the 2-position of the 1,3-lipase-catalyzed and the original triglycerides
were similar but different from that of chemically interesterified fat. Also, the saturated-to-unsaturated fatty acid ratio
in the 2-monoglycerides was lower for the 1,3-specific lipase-catalyzed interesterified fats than for the corresponding chemical
products. 相似文献
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8.
Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst.
It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett
indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated
with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed. 相似文献
9.
Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of phosphatidylcholine at controlled water activity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ingemar Svensson Patrick Adlercreutz Bo Mattiasson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(10):986-991
The incorporation of a free fatty acid into thesn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine by lipase-catalyzed transesterification was investigated. The thermodynamic water activity
of both the enzyme preparation and the substrate solution was adjusted to the same value prior to the reaction. The reaction
rate increased with increasing water activity but the yield of modified phosphatidylcholine decreased due to hydrolysis. By
using a large excess of the free fatty acid (heptadecanoic acid), the hydrolysis reaction was slowed down, so a higher yield
was obtained at a given degree of incorporation. The best results were obtained withRhizopus arrhizus lipase immobilized by adsorption on a polypropylene support. With this preparation, a yield of 60% and nearly 50% incorporation
of heptadecanoic acid (100% incorporation in thesn-1 position) was obtained at a water activity of 0.064. The enzyme preparation had good operational stability and position
specificity. Little incorporation (<1%) was observed in thesn-2 position, when almost all the fatty acid in thesn-1 position was exchanged. 相似文献
10.
Vinnie?Mao Samir?K.?Konar David?G.?B.?BoocockEmail author 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2004,81(8):803-808
The base-catalyzed transmethylation of soybean oil has been studied under conditions whereby the reaction starts as a single
phase, but later becomes two phases as glycerol separates. Methanol/oil molar ratios of 6∶1 were used at 23°C. The catalysts
were sodium hydroxide (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%), potassium hydroxide (1.0 and 1.4 wt%), and sodium methoxide (0.5, 1.0, and
1.35 wt%), all concentrations being with respect to the oil. Oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) was used to form a single reaction
phase. The reactions deviated from homogeneous kinetics as glycerol separated, taking with it most of the catalyst. When 1.0
wt% sodium hydroxide was used, the methyl ester content reached 97.5 wt% after 4 h, compared with 85–90 wt% in the two-phase
reaction. Sodium hydroxide (1.0 wt%), sodium methoxide (1.35 wt%), and potassium hydroxide (1.4 wt%) gave similar results,
presumably because the same number of moles was used. The ASTM biodiesel specification for chemically bound glycerol was achieved
after only 3 min when 2.0 wt% sodium hydroxide was used. However, the standard was not achieved after 4 h when 1.0 wt% sodium
hydroxide was used, the MG content being 1.1–1.6 wt%. The use of 2.0 wt% catalyst is commercially impractical. 相似文献