Rapid detection of viable Bacillus cereus emetic and enterotoxic strains in food by coupling propidium monoazide and multiplex PCR (PMA-mPCR)

Bacillus cereus can cause emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. It is widespread in nature and therefore, considered a major foodborne pathogen. To develop a sensitive and reliable assay for detecting enterotoxin genes (nheA, entFM, hblD, cytK) and emetic toxin (ces), specific primers each targeting one individual gene were designed. Propidium monoazide (PMA) was coupled with the developed multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the detection of viable B. cereus. The inclusivity and exclusivity of the PMA-mPCR was confirmed using a panel of 44 strains including 17 emetic and 9 enterotoxic B. cereus reference strains and 18 non-target strains. The limit of detection (LOD) without PMA treatment in pure DNA was 2 pg/reaction tube. The LOD of mPCR assay in pure heat-killed dead bacteria was 4.0 × 10² CFU/mL. Also, the LOD on the viable bacteria with or without PMA treatment was similar (3.8 × 10² CFU/mL) showing that the PMA treatment did not significantly decrease sensitivity. Finally, the newly developed PMA-mPCR successfully detected 4.8 × 10³ and 3.6 × 10³ CFU/g of viable B. cereus F4810/72 (emetic) and B. cereus ATCC 12480 (enterotoxic) reference strains, respectively, in food samples. Hence, this study combines PMA and mPCR to detect viable B. cereus with a wide range of toxin detection (5 toxins). Thus, the novel PMA-mPCR assay developed in this study is a rapid and efficient diagnostic tool for the monitoring of viable B. cereus in food samples and potentially other samples via appropriate DNA extraction.     

Effect of water on HDS of DBT over a dispersed Mo catalyst using in situ generated hydrogen

A novel process was developed for the bitumen emulsion upgrading, wherein emulsion breaking and upgrading occurred in the same reactor using H₂ generated in situ from the water in the emulsion via the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). In this study, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as a model compound to investigate the effect of water and in situ H₂ on hydrodesulfurization (HDS). All the experiments were performed in a 1-L autoclave reactor at temperatures between 300 and 380 °C using in situ H₂ and ex situ H₂ (externally supplied H₂) over a dispersed Mo catalyst formed from phosphomolybdic acid (PMA). At very low water content, water was found to promote the HDS reaction in the ex situ H₂ run probably because it facilitates the formation of more active dispersed MoS_x species. At higher water content, however, water inhibits every individual reaction in the reaction network in the HDS of DBT, blocking the hydrogenation pathway more than the hydrogenolysis pathway. The relative reactivity of the in situ and ex situ H₂ depends on the water content present in the reaction system. At an optimized mole ratio of H₂O:CO (1.35), higher HDS activity was observed in the in situ H₂ run compared to ex situ H₂ run, and particularly, the hydrogenation pathway was promoted in the in situ H₂ run.     

气动人工肌肉关节的自抗扰控制

气动人工肌肉关节系统是一个强非线性时变自平衡2阶系统,鉴于传统控制方法难以克服控制精度、调节速度和稳定性之间的矛盾,设计了一种2阶自抗扰控制器.采用3阶扩张状态观测器实时估计未建模型部分及外界扰动,对系统进行线性补偿,并利用非线性反馈机制提高控制效率,在保证稳定性的前提下,提高调节速度和控制精度,使得系统的稳态精度小于...     

穿戴式辅助维修终端系统KD-PMA的设计

穿戴式辅助维修终端系统KD-PMA,其模块分为维修数据层,维修应用层和人机交互层3层.系统硬件包括头盔、背负单元及手持部分.该系统是集成元线局域网接口、条码扫描接口、视音频压缩传输、显示驱动、嵌入式操作系统、交互式电子技术手册、用户认证与通信加密等功能的瘦客户PMA体系.     

Self-aligned n-channel GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) using HfO2 and silicon interface passivation layer: Post-metal annealing optimization

In this work, using Si interface passivation layer (IPL), we demonstrate n-MOSFET on p-type GaAs by varying physical-vapor-deposition (PVD) Si IPL thickness, S/D ion implantation condition, and different substrate doping concentration and post-metal annealing (PMA) condition. Using the optimized process, TaN/HfO₂/GaAs n-MOSFETs made on p-GaAs substrates exhibit good electrical characteristics, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) (∼3.7 nm), frequency dispersion (∼8%) and high maximum mobility (420 cm²/V s) with high temperature PMA (950 °C, 1 min) and good inversion.     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

动态式双稳态永磁机构的研究

提出了一种新型的应用于中、高压真空断路器的永磁机构,其特点是机构为非对称双稳态、多铁心、多线圈,永磁体安装在动铁心上。对这种新型的永磁机构进行了静态磁场分析和动态特性仿真,通过与传统的双稳态永磁机构比较分析得出,新型永磁机构比传统的永磁机构具有明显的优点。     

Structural and electrical properties of ultra-thin high-k ZrO2 film on nitride passivated Ge(100) prepared by PEALD

The study of ultrathin ZrO₂ films grown on surface passivated germanium substrates by plasma enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) has been carried out. Nitride passivation has been used to form an interfacial layer between ZrO₂/Ge. The ultra-thin ZrO₂ film deposited with thickness of ~5.75 nm and refractive index of ~2.05 as observed through ellipsometry. The Ge3d, Zr3d, N1s and O1s are XPS core level spectra's confirm the formation of GeON and ZrO₂ ultra-thin films. The AFM results show the roughness of deposited films as low as 0.3 nm. The effect of post metallization annealing (PMA) on electrical properties of Au/Cr/ZrO₂/GeON/Ge capacitors has been investigated. The improvement in k value (~38) and an EOT value (~0.5 nm) after PMA on Ge/GeON/ZrO₂ stack has been observed. The flat band voltage and hysteresis of post metallization annealed devices has been reduced as compared to that of without PMA GeON/ZrO₂ stack.     

某装备外场交互检修设备设计与实现

某机载信息装备体积大、结构复杂,针对其外场快速维修保障需求,设计了外场交互检修设备.基于系统综合集成技术,搭建了便携式辅助维修测试硬件平台,包括便捷式维修辅助设备(PMA)平台和外场原位测试设备两部分.平台读取BIT数据,并利用总线控制外场原位测试设备进行参数采集;开发了交互式电子手册,实现了资料查询、代码下载、电子履历和数据同步等功能.应用表明,设备稳定可靠,性能指标满足该装备原位检测和外场故障诊断需求,提高了维修保障效率.     

一种手持式雷达维修辅助设备的设计与实现

为了提高雷达装备野外维修效率,采用基于嵌入式系统的虚拟仪器技术,将仪器模块、头盔摄像机和交互式电子技术手册模块有机结合,集成最新的点对点通信技术实现远程信息交互,建立了基于局域网的雷达维修远程支援系统,并重点说明基层级手持式维修辅助设备的研制思路。该系统能实现信号的检测、信息查询和音/视频等功能的一体化,减少装备修理时间和停机时间,降低装备维修的培训要求以及保障费用,满足了当前雷达装备的远程维修需求,具有一定的军事推广应用价值。