Photovoltaic characteristics of phosphorus-doped amorphous carbon films grown by r.f. plasma-enhanced CVD

The phosphorus-doped amorphous carbon (n-C:P) films were grown by r.f. power-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at room temperature using solid phosphorus target. The influence of phosphorus doping on material properties of n-C:P based on the results of simultaneous characterization are reported. Moreover, the solar cell properties such as series resistance, short circuit current density (J_sc), open circuit current voltage (V_oc), fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (η) along with the spectral response are reported for the fabricated carbon based n-C:P/p-Si heterojunction solar cell were measured by standard measurement technique. The cells performances have been given in the dark I–V rectifying curve and I–V working curve under illumination when exposed to AM 1.5 illumination condition (100 mW/cm², 25 °C). The maximum of V_oc and J_sc for the cells are observed to be approximately 236 V and 7.34 mA/cm², respectively for the n-C:P/p-Si cell grown at lower r.f. power of 100 W. The highest η and FF were found to be approximately 0.84% and 49%, respectively. We have observed the rectifying nature of the heterojunction structures is due to the nature of n-C:P films.     

微机械可变电容制作工艺中的牺牲层释放和残余应力分析

运用高选择比的特别配方来释放MEMS可变电容制作工艺中的牺牲层,以保护上级板金属铝层,同时很好地释放牺牲层磷硅玻璃。探讨了上级板的粘附问题,对工艺中影响成品率的关键因素残余应力进行了模拟,当温度T为350℃时,平面应力P为811.6 MPa;当温度T为500℃时,平面应力P为1 185.9 MPa。分析了残余应力对上级板的影响和对悬臂梁的等效弹性系数的影响。     

Fabrication of excimer laser annealed poly-Si thin film transistor by using an elevated temperature ion shower doping

We have investigated the effect of an ion shower doping of laser annealed poly-Si films at elevated substrate temperatures. The substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 300°C when the poly-Si film was doped with phosphorus by a non-mass-separated ion shower. Optical, structural, and electrical characterizations have been performed in order to study the effect of the ion shower doping. The sheet resistance of the doped poly-Si films was decreased from 7 × 10⁶ Ω/sq to 700 Ω/sq when the substrate temperature was increased from room temperature to 300°C. This large change in sheet resistance is due to the fact that the doped films do not become amorphous but remain in the polycrystallinephase. The mildly elevated substrate heating appears to contribute mainly to reduction of ion damages incurred in the poly-Si films in addition to the activation of dopants during the ion shower doping. From the fabricated n-channel poly-Si TFTs, the current crowding effect do not occur because of the low contact source-drain resistance and the field effect mobility of 120 cm²/(V s) has been obtained.     

食用油脂物理精炼和化学精炼诸多因素的比较

目前,在我国具有一定规模的禽用油脂精炼工厂（车间）中,以物理精炼或化学精炼的方法加工着不同品种的植物油脂,或以此两种不同的方法加工着同一品种的油脂。这两种方法的优缺点已成为多年来争议的焦点之一。列举了物理精炼和化学精炼中的许多因素,并加以对照、比较,以期对它们有更好的了解。     

甘蓝型油菜对干旱和低磷双重胁迫的生理反应Ⅰ：叶片气体交换参数及产量

通过对气体交换参数及产量的测定和分析,研究了干旱和低磷双重胁迫对油菜不同生育期叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明：油菜在不同生育期受到干旱和低磷胁迫后,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）会明显降低。在干旱和低磷双重胁迫下,苗期油菜Ci降低、Ls升高,表明气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因;而蕾薹期和花期Ci升高、Ls降低,表明非气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因。对单一的胁迫而言,低磷胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期是蕾薹期,而干旱胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期则是花期;与对照相比,它们均显著降低了油菜的株高、每角粒数、单株有效角果数和单株产量。     

云南省耿马县蔗区土壤主要养分状况分析研究及对策

对云南省耿马县蔗区耕作层土壤养分的测定表明，该县土壤的有机质含量为中等，氮素营养中上，钾素供给中下，磷素供给中下。各村片差别较大，部分土壤养分严重缺乏，土壤明显酸化。土壤主要养分的供给总体上处于中下水平。根据该蔗区土壤养分状况提出相应对策。     

我国冬油菜区土壤肥力变化及施肥效果演变

本文分析了1961—1965年、1981—1985年及2004—2006年3个时期我国冬油菜种植区的土壤肥力状况,氮、磷、钾及硼肥的施用效果,氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率及肥料贡献率。结果表明,与20世纪60年代相比,近期油菜主产区耕地土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷及有效硼含量大幅度上升;土壤有机质、速效磷及有效硼含量较20世纪80年代也略有增加。但由于土壤养分临界值水平的提高,近期土壤有效氮、磷、钾、硼的缺乏范围存在扩大趋势。田间肥效试验结果表明,以增产量为标准,近期施用氮、磷、钾、硼油菜籽增产高于其它两个时期。施肥在油菜籽产量中的贡献率从1961—1965年间的23．8％和1981—1985年间的54．5％增长到2004—2006年间的55．1％。总体上,我国冬油菜种植区土壤养分肥力稳中有升,但速效养分相对缺乏面积扩大;施肥对油菜籽单产的贡献率增大,油菜丰产必须建立在科学施肥的基础上。     

氮磷钾肥施用对甘蓝型春油菜产量及肥料利用效率的影响

利用大田试验研究氮、磷、钾肥对青海省互助县种植的甘蓝型春油菜产量、养分吸收量和肥料利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,氮肥和磷肥对春油菜（甘蓝型杂交油菜青杂2号）籽粒产量的提高有显著作用,钾肥的影响相对较小;与不施肥对照相比,氮、磷、钾肥的施用可显著促进成熟期春油菜地上部N、P、K素累积量（P〈0.05）;不同肥料的春油菜农学利用率分别为5.3kg/kg N、5.6kg/kg P2O5和1.7kg/kg K2O;肥料表观利用率分别为N 33.6%、P2O57.8%和K2O 52.0%,N、P、K肥对油菜籽产量的偏生产力分别为28.0kg/kg N、46.7kg/kg P2O5和26kg/kg K2O。青海省互助县种植条件下,当春油菜产量水平在3 504kg/hm2时,NPK配施条件下每生产100kg籽粒需要吸收N、P2O5、K2O量分别为4.6kg、2.0kg和5.6kg,氮磷钾比为1∶0.43∶1.21。油菜生产实践中实现高产目标需同时关注地力培肥和平衡施肥两方面。     

Enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starches containing different amounts of phosphorus

The rapid hydrolysis of potato starches differing in phosphorus content, as well as sweet potato, cassava and yam starches, was accomplished by treatment of gelatinised starches with bacterial liquefying α-amylase at 50 °C for 1 h, followed by Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase at 55 °C up to 24 h, and then by glucoamylase at 40 °C for a further 24 h. Among the potato starches, the high-phosphorus starches showed higher starch resistant capacity than the medium-phosphorus starches, as well as other tuber and root starches. The hydrolysis rate of tuber and root starches was not greatly influenced by their amylose content and median granule size. Only glucose was detected in the almost completely hydrolysed tuber and root starch samples, indicating that the concomitant enzymes treatment could hydrolyse both the α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages of the starches examined.     

铁水脱磷预处理工艺的发展

简述铁水脱磷工艺的发展情况,着重介绍近年转炉进行铁水脱磷预处理的趋势及其特点。