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1.
Effect of Supports and Promoters on the Performance of Ni-Based Catalysts in Ethanol Steam Reforming
Thanh Khoa Phung Thong Le Minh Pham Anh-Nga T. Nguyen Khanh B. Vu Ha Ngoc Giang Tuan-Anh Nguyen Thanh Cong Huynh Hong Duc Pham 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(4):672-688
Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) is one of the potential processes to convert ethanol into valuable products. Hydrogen produced from ESR is considered as green energy for the future and can be an excellent alternative to fossil fuels with the aim of mitigating the greenhouse gas effect. The ESR process has been well studied, using transition metals as catalysts coupled with both acidic and basic oxides as supports. Among various reported transition metals, Ni is an inexpensive material with activity comparable to that of noble metals, showing promising ethanol conversion and hydrogen yields. Additionally, different promoters and supports were utilized to enhance the hydrogen yield and the catalyst stability. This review summarizes and discusses the influences of the supports and promoters of Ni-based catalysts on the ESR process. 相似文献
2.
3.
Jiang Ruixia Xie Zaiku Zhang Chengfang Chen Qingling 《Applied Catalysis A: General》2003,250(2):209-220
The Pd-La/spinel catalyst for the preparation of 2,6-diisopropylaniline (2,6-DIPA) by gas-phase amination of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (2,6-DIPP) has been studied. The catalysts before and after reaction were characterized by BET, XRD, differential thermal analysis (DTA)-thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and NH3-TPD techniques. The DTA study results show two kinds of coke deposited on the metal and support of Pd-La/spinel catalyst, and they are combusted at about 242 and 324 °C, respectively. The XRD and FTIR spectra of the Pd-La/spinel catalyst show that the coke contains the aromatic and aliphatic rings, alkyl groups, polynuclear aromatic system, hydroxyl groups, and amine groups. The reason for catalyst deactivation can be expressed as follows: coke formed on palladium metals may move from metal to the interface or boundaries of metal-support and acid sites of the support where further dehydrogenation and polymerization are occurring. The H2 plays a key role in retarding coke formation, but must be in suitable amount to get relatively high selectivity. The rare earth promoter La not only promotes the activity and selectivity by retaining Pd species in the metallic state, but also decreases the formation of carbon by neutralizing the strong acid sites on the catalyst. 相似文献
4.
Eun-Yong Ko Eun Duck Park Kyung Won Seo Hyun Chul Lee Doohwan Lee Soonho Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2006,23(2):182-187
Selective CO oxidation in the presence of excess hydrogen was studied over supported Pt catalysts promoted with various transition
metal compounds such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Zr. CO chemisorption, XRD, TPR, and TPO were conducted to characterize
active catalysts. Among them, Pt-Ni/γ-Al2O3 showed high CO conversions over wide reaction temperatures. For supported Pt-Ni catalysts, Alumina was superior to TiO2 and ZrO2 as a support. The catalytic activity at low temperatures increased with increasing the molar ratio of Ni/Pt. This accompanied
the TPR peak shift to lower temperatures. The optimum molar ratio between Ni and Pt was determined to be 5. This Pt-Ni/γ A12O3 showed no decrease in CO conversion and CO2 selectivity for the selective CO oxidation in the presence of 2 vol% H2O and 20 vol% CO2. The bimetallic phase of Pt-Ni seems to give rise to stable activity with high CO2 selectivity in selective oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream. 相似文献
5.
Using atomic force spectroscopy, we investigated the adhesion-promoting ability of chromium. An intermediate layer of chromium can overcome the low adhesion between metal films and silicon dioxide. For the first time, we quantitatively studied this experimentally well known fact. We compared the adhesion between chromium and different substrates such as gold, silver, mica, and silicon dioxide and, beyond that, the adhesion between silicon dioxide and the same substrates. To avoid additional effects due to water, we chose ethanol as a nonpolar solvent. Taking the interfacial energies of the surfaces with the liquid into account eliminates the direct influence of the fluid medium on the adhesion of the solid material. The results we obtained corroborate the experimental fact of higher adhesion of chromium with the chosen substrates, as well as substantiate the value of chromium as an adhesion promoter. The adhesion of chromium-coated probes on gold, silicon dioxide, and mica is higher than the adhesion of silicon dioxide probes on the same substrates. 相似文献
6.
附加湍流器强化陶瓷膜微滤过程的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过在管式陶瓷膜内设置不同结构形式的湍流器,试验和比较了不同主体流速和膜滤压差等工艺条件下的膜滤速率及能耗,分析了湍流器所产生的强化膜滤过程的效果以及试验条件下的一般规律。 相似文献
7.
Zahra Taherian Mardali Yousefpour Mohammad Tajally Behnam Khoshandam 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(26):16408-16420
Ni-based/SBA-15 catalysts, were promoted by 3wt % of samaria (Sm2O3), Yttria (Y2O3) and Zirconia (ZrO2), by two-solvent impregnation method. The catalysts characterization was performed by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Field Emission Electron Scanning Microscopy (FESEM), Temperature Programmed Oxidation/Reduction (TPO/TPR) and NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD) techniques. Then, evaluated by CO2/methane reforming.The CO2/methane reforming outcomes revealed that samaria-promoted catalyst showed excellent activity, stability and cock resistance, while yttria-promoted catalyst just illustrated good activity at high temperature and zirconia-promoted catalyst didn't show any modification in catalytic performance in comparison to Ni-based catalyst with no promoter. Samaria-promoted TEM and TPR analysis, indicated adding samaria improved the NiO particles interaction with SBA-15 support pores wall and NiO dispersion. The TPO analysis displayed that coke deposition in samaria-promoted sample after 12 h reaction is less than yttria-promoted during stream of 5 h. Also, it is suggested that for samaria containing catalyst, cock deposition occurred on the support. Therefore, nickel active sites were preserved for time on stream of 12 h, which is the main reason for samaria-promoted catalyst superior stability than other's. 相似文献
8.
《中国生物制品学杂志》2010,(10)
目的采用卡介苗(BCG)结核蜡酸合酶(Mycocerosic acid synthase,Mas)启动子,将分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pJEM11改建为分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒。方法 PCR扩增BCG基因组中Mas启动子,定向克隆至质粒pJEM11的ApaⅠ与SnaBⅠ位点之间,构建分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pJMas。将幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)UreB基因克隆至pJMas质粒,转化耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria smegmatis,M.smegmatis)mc2155,SDS-PAGE检测重组UreB蛋白在M.smegmatis mc2155中的表达,Western blot分析其反应原性。结果克隆的Mas启动子序列与结核杆菌H37Rv株的Mas启动子序列(gi31619628)同源性达99%;重组穿梭表达质粒pJMas经PCR及双酶切鉴定证明构建正确;UreB基因在M.smegmatis mc2155中成功表达,表达的蛋白可与Hp阳性病人血清发生特异性反应。结论成功构建分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pJMas,为构建以耻垢分枝杆菌为载体的多价疫苗奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
Ee Ling Yong 《臭氧:科学与工程》2013,35(6):472-481
Natural organic matter (NOM) can simultaneously act as the initiator, promoter and inhibitor in water ozonation. This study presents an explicit method that can be used to determine these rate constants via the integration of the transient steady-state hydroxyl radical (?OH) model, the Rct concept and the pseudo first-order ozone decomposition model. The theoretical background of this method was provided, and the method was validated with model compounds. The rate constants of three NOM isolates were determined using the developed method. With these rate constants, the influences of NOM on the degradation of ibuprofen, an ?OH-reactive pharmaceutical compound, can be quantitatively described. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Ozone Science &; Engineering for the following free supplemental resources: tables, figures, and equations.] 相似文献
10.
Addition of low quantities of ytterbium to sol–gel prepared Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts has been shown to lead to significant increases in catalytic activity and long term stability in the catalytic conversion of CO2 and CH4 into syngas (H2 and CO). The role of ytterbium in these catalysts was investigated in this study through detailed investigations on the structure and composition of ytterbium promoted Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts using the following techniques: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, Temperature Programmed Reduction techniques and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results obtained indicated that ytterbium, at small quantities (up to 2 wt%), interacted strongly with the support which in turn altered the interaction between nickel and the support (most notably it was found to completely inhibit the formation of NiAl2O4). This decreased interaction between Ni and the support also led to a higher quantity of Ni being present in the catalyst in the form of Ni. 相似文献