大型精炼钢包用刚玉-尖晶石质透气砖的研制与使用

为满足大型精炼钢包对透气砖的要求,通过配方优化、高温烧成等技术手段,成功开发了性能和使用效果优于传统铬刚玉质透气砖的刚玉-尖晶石质透气砖。该透气砖以板状刚玉为颗粒料,以电熔白刚玉为细粉,并加入6%纯铝酸钙水泥、5%活性α-Al_2O_3微粉和8%尖晶石,另外加入适量氧化铬和减水剂,经振动成型、干燥后于1500℃保温3h以上烧成。该透气砖在大型精炼钢包上使用,取得了满意的使用效果。     

连铸中间包透气上水口的研制与应用

介绍了连铸中间包透气上水口的性能和种类及连铸工艺对透气上水口性能的要求。利用合成莫来石颗粒、α-Al     

吹氩期间狭缝数量和尺寸对透气砖热梯度应力的影响

为提高透气砖的使用寿命,对其因吹氩而产生的热梯度应力场进行了模拟分析,以确定狭缝的合理尺寸及数量.首先根据研究目的和透气砖工作特点,在适当简化其结构和边界条件的基础上,建立了它的二维平面应变有限元模型.然后在保持透气砖尺寸和狭缝分布形式一定的前提下,研究了狭缝尺寸和数量变化对透气砖热梯度应力场的影响.研究结果表明:(1)热梯度应力仅在狭缝附近有剧烈变化,且狭缝尺寸及数量变化对最大拉应力影响不大;(2)狭缝越长,透气砖的整体热应力越大;(3)狭缝宽度变化对透气砖整体热应力分布影响不大;(4)对于本次分析来讲,狭缝最佳条数为20条.     

Method to evaluate UV dose of upper-room UVGI system using the concept of ventilation efficiency

Several countermeasures against the prevalence of infectious diseases have recently been issued, and one of them, the ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system, has been carefully considered for building environments especially. Besides experimental methods to evaluate the germicidal performance of upper air UVGI systems, this research introduces two numerical methods using the concept of ventilation performance, and illustrates the methods with a ward model. The first calculates the average residence time of air using the concept of local purging flow rate (L-PFR) which is multiplied by the average UV intensity of the upper area to obtain a UV dose. The other calculates the UV dose with the distributional UV intensity and deals with UV intensities as contaminant sources. The results of the illustrative cases with a ward model show that the method using the L-PFR concept could not clearly identify the difference in UV doses for each case with different exhaust opening setups, although the other could. The results from the method using the distributional UV intensity indicated the layout of ventilation openings and upper-room UVGI systems are important to optimize the germicidal performance.     

Effectiveness of evacuating combustible gases by two parallel expellers closely coupled at one end of a gas pipeline

Expeller performance has been formulated in terms of its capability to create suction pressure at the throat. This formulation has been used to assess the effectiveness of evacuating combustible gases from a pipeline section from one end using dual expellers mounted in parallel on two adjacent blow-down stacks. A general formulation was derived to address any situation of asymmetry in the stack resistance, asymmetry in the expellers' power as well overall pipeline resistance to suction flow. Solutions of the closed-form equations were obtained and presented on performance graphs showing the ratio of the suction flow using dual expellers to that using either one in a single mode. It was found that there are conditions at which expelling with dual expellers exceed that of either expeller operating alone. It was also shown that when asymmetric expellers are used, where one expeller is more powerful than the other, the benefits of using two expellers is realized up to a limiting degree of asymmetry, beyond which the weaker expeller could be stalled and then reverse flow.     

双合成系统惰性气放空的改进

将双合成系统放空改由情性气含量高的一个系统进行放空,可在不增加设备及原材料消耗的情况下,多得产品氨。经济效益明显,技术上是可行的。     

钢包透气砖在精炼条件下的应力场分布研究

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对钢包透气砖在精炼奈件下(不同吹氩压力、精炼温度)的应力场分布进行了计算研究.结果认为,铝镁质透气材料结构应力与其热膨胀系数成正比变化;透气砖工作面狭缝尖端处应力最大,是其非工作底面的6.62倍,并且从非工作底面到工作面狭缝尖端应力增加最快;吹氩压力对透气材料应力的影响可忽略不计;精炼温度提高50℃,工作面狭缝各部位应力相应增加1%～2%.     

负压浇注对刚玉浇注料性能的影响

按板状刚玉颗粒70%(w)、板状刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉26%(w)、纯铝酸钙水泥3%(w)和减水剂1%(w),加适量水配制成刚玉浇注料,搅拌均匀后倒入真空浇注设备的模具中,分别于真空度为0、-0.03、-0.06和-0.09 MPa的时刻开始振动浇注成型,振动时继续抽真空2 min,试样经养护、烘干和1 500℃3 h热处理后,研究负压浇注对刚玉浇注料物理性能、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响,并借助压汞仪测定试样孔径分布,采用SEM观察试样断口形貌.结果表明:与常压浇注的试样相比,负压浇注可使试样中的气孔直径从10～20μm降到0.5～2μm,使试样结构更加致密,从而提高其机械强度和抗渣侵蚀性;负压浇注对试样的抗热震性略有负面影响,但负压浇注的试样热震后强度仍高于常压浇注的;在真空度为-0.03～-0.06 MPa之间开始振动浇注时,得到的浇注料试样综合性能最好.     

用后钢包透气砖显微结构分析

对60 t LF VD精炼钢包用刚玉-尖晶石透气砖和45 t LF精炼钢包用铬刚玉-尖晶石透气砖用后残砖进行了显微结构分析。结果表明:LF精炼工艺用透气砖狭缝及裂纹有明显的渣侵蚀和渗透,LF VD精炼工艺用透气砖狭缝和裂纹有钢液渗透。在周期性操作过程中,狭缝口部的扩大和热震造成的裂纹会使钢液或渣液的渗透侵蚀作用加剧并导致剥落现象的发生。透气砖狭缝堵塞直接影响吹通率和使用寿命,所以,要优化狭缝尺寸,提高材料的抗热震性。     

中间包透气上水口的研制与使用

本文介绍了中间包用新型透气上水口的研制过程、生产工艺及在钢厂的使用情况。