煤矸石新型建材浅析

论述抓住禁止生产和使用实心黏土砖的机遇，利用煤矸石资源性的因素，生产煤矸石空心砖等新型建材。     

涂装废气焚烧炉烟气余热利用的改善

针对某汽车涂装车间使用废气焚烧炉的实际情况,制定了烟气余热利用的改进方案,从节能效益和减排效益两个方面论证了方案的可行性及优越性。     

农村简易垃圾焚烧炉周边土壤二恶英分布研究

为了解农村简易生活垃圾焚烧炉排放废气中二恶英对周边地区的环境影响,对焚烧炉周边6个环境土壤及焚烧炉排放的飞灰和灰渣中二恶英的分布规律进行了研究.检测结果显示,焚烧炉周边环境土壤样品中二恶英国际毒性当量在2.29～9.45 ng/kg(干基)之间,高于背景值(0.537 I TEQ ng/kg).而焚烧炉排放的飞灰及灰渣中二恶英国际毒性当量分别为3 454和32.2 ng/kg.利用主成分分析方法,发现环境土壤中的二恶英来源较为复杂,焚烧炉污染物排放不是土壤中二恶英的唯一来源.     

Guidelines for energetic load in three methods of refuse collecting

The energetic load and guidelines were formulated for energetic load in three methods of refuse collecting. These methods were collecting refuse in polythene bags (in a city area and in a suburb), in two-wheeled mini-containers and in large four-wheeled containers. To determine the energetic load of the collecting methods, these collecting methods were simulated in the laboratory. The simulation protocols were based on data such as weight of the handled materials, and the frequency and duration of the most prominent refuse collecting activities as found in the preliminary field study. During the execution of the protocols the heart rate and oxygen uptake were continuously recorded. The maximal oxygen uptake was determined during a continuous running protocol on a treadmill. The energetic load was expressed in terms of percentage of the maximal oxygen uptake. As the limit for the energetic load a value of 30% of the maximal oxygen uptake during an 8-h working day was chosen. The limit for energetic overload was exceeded for the maximal oxygen uptake for refuse collecting with polythene bags in a city area (44·5%), collecting with bags in a suburb (37·2%) and with mini-containers. The percentage of the maximal oxygen uptake for collecting with large containers was 28·4%, which was below the limit for the energetic load of 30%. Guidelines were formulated for the relevant occupational field terms: maximal amount of collecting hours and maximal amount of collected refuse per collector per hour. The guidelines were formulated in percentiles (P₉₀ and P₇₅). This means that 90 and 75% of the refuse collecting population in The Netherlands will be prevented from having an energetic overload above the limit of 30% of the maximal oxygen uptake.     

焚烧炉烟气中铅、锌、苯并(a)芘的测定

建立了用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别测定焚烧炉烟气中铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)和苯并(a)芘(BaP)的分析方法。研究了烟尘及玻璃纤维滤筒的预处理，测定Pb、Zn、BaP时基体的干扰与消除，并给出Pb、Zn的干扰校正系数。实验测得Pb、Zn和BaP的回收率超过84％，相对标准偏差Pb为3．51％，Zn为7．28%，BaP为4．30％。实验结果表明，该分析方法可以满足焚烧炉运行中的监测需要．     

Job rotation as a factor in reducing physical workload at a refuse collecting department

The effect of job rotation on the physical workload was investigated for male employees working at a refuse collecting department. Before the introduction of job rotation, an employee worked as a street sweeper, as a refuse collector or as a driver. After the introduction of job rotation, every employee was allowed to alternate between two of the three possible jobs during the day, i.e. refuse collecting/street sweeping, refuse collecting/driving or street sweeping/driving. Two non-rotation groups (i.e. refuse collectors and street sweepers) and two rotation groups (i.e. refuse collectors/street sweepers and street sweepers/drivers) were mutually compared. The physical workload was determined by measuring the perceived load, energetic load and postural load during a full working day. Job rotation resulted in a significant decrease of the perceived load and energetic load and a slight decrease of the postural load. The results indicate that the total amount of work performed by means of job rotation resulted in an overall reduced physical workload of the employees of the refuse collecting department.     

Dynamic behavior of a distributed incinerator power system under output power variation

In Taiwan, the sales revenues of power generation from incinerator power plants with heat recovery power generation sold to the power company were up to NT$4.5bn, making the incinerator power generation play an important role in reduction of impact on environment and substitution of energy in power generation. Studying the dynamic behavior of incinerator power systems under output power variation is thus an essential task for the scheduling, operation, and expansion of incinerator power plants, such as, for cooperating with a scheduling program based on pricing signals to capture energy trading timing economically and to operate the incinerator power system securely. Although there are many studies on incinerator power generation, they seldom discuss the power generation system characteristics. In this paper, mathematical dynamic models for a distributed incinerator power system were derived and implemented using Matlab/Simulink, and dynamic characteristics of the system were further simulated and discussed under two operating modes: increment and decrement of power generation. These developed models can provide dynamic characteristics for these two modes, serving as an important analytic tool for cooperating with a scheduling program based on pricing signals to capture energy trading timing economically and to operate the incinerator power system securely. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of electrostatic precipitator in collection of smoke particles from hospital wastes combustion

The paper reports the development and implementation of a cost-effective electrostatic precipitator (ESP) prototype for the medical wastes incinerator of university hospital centre (CHU) of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, using a water washing system for cleaning electrodes. The impact of medical waste incineration on human health is a topical debate. The incineration process is a safe mode of disposal [OK] of such waste, but it is not an effective solution and needs a pollution control system. Generally, in Africa, cost is the major constraint for manufacturers and users. A half-scale ESP model was initially used for an experimental study in the laboratory. Thereafter, a full-scale model was produced and installed for the incinerator based on the optimal values obtained from this preliminary study.     

“断零”的危害和防范

阐述三相四线配电回路中中性线中断("断零")引发的诸多电气危害,介绍国际上和国内对防"断零"危害的不同措施。作者赞同国际电工标准采取多种措施避免"断零"的发生,从根本上杜绝"断零"引发诸多电气危害的对策。对我国有关规范以过欠压防护电器防范"断零"的规定提出质疑。