Urban mobility in the sharing economy: A spatiotemporal comparison of shared mobility services

The influx of micro-mobility services, such as dockless scooter-share and e-bikes, in many cities are contributing to a substantial change in urban transportation with adoption rates reminiscent of other shared-mobility services, such as ride-hailing, years prior. Touted as a solution to the last mile problem, a multitude of micro-mobility companies have situated themselves in urban centers promising low cost alternative transportation options for short, urban travel. The rapid arrival of these companies, however, has left little time for city officials, transportation planners, and citizens to assess the demand for these services and compare them to existing transportation options. In this work, we investigate two key aspects of these micro-mobility services. First, we identify the spatial and temporal differences between these mobility companies and highlight the nuanced differences in usage patterns. Second, we compare these new services to an existing mode of transportation, namely automobile-based ride-hailing, with regards to differences in travel time within a city. The results of these analyses indicate that while many micro-mobility companies are spatiotemporally similar, there are notable differences in where and when these services are used. Similarly, we find that automobile travel is not always the fastest means of transportation within an urban setting. During periods of heavy traffic congestion, e.g., rush hour, micro-mobility services offer a faster means of travel within the city. The findings presented in this work offer evidence on which to inform urban planning and transportation policy with respect to shared mobility services, free floating vehicles, and alternative urban transportation.     

Experimental assessment of fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid system for scooters

This paper presents an experimental assessment of fuel cell hybrid propulsion systems for scooters based on a modular 1.2 kW PEM fuel cell. The tests of the hybrid system are carried out using a programmable electronic load. Different configurations of the fuel cell/battery and the fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid systems are explored. Both systems demonstrate their ability to deliver the requested load satisfactorily. The distributions of the fuel cell power delivery, although different between the two systems, are within the region where the fuel cell efficiency is approximately constant. As a result, the rates of fuel consumption show no discernable difference between the two systems for all three driving cycles considered. In addition to the fuel consumption, considerations including bus voltage, cost and packaging issues suggest that the supercapacitor has advantages over the battery for the use as secondary energy storage in fuel cell hybrid propulsion system for scooters.     

化限制与劣势为设计的创意与机会—潘冀的台湾交通大学光复校区机车D棚改建案

台湾交通大学光复校区的机车棚一案中,潘冀建筑师除了将解决实际停车问题视为设计目标,更将基地条件的限制、营造经费的不足、分期建造的需求与传统不被赋予空间品质的停车场建筑类型等条件,转化为设计的潜力,化劣势为机会,创造出融合基地、结构创新、造型清楚、建筑语汇简洁,穿透性、空间感兼具,又有充足自然通风与采光的建筑物。本案说明了设计案没有分规模大或小、建筑类型不应分重要或不重要。差异其实只在于建筑师的专业度与敬业态度。     

Use of Cognitive Work Analysis for exploration of safety management in the operation of motorcycles and scooters

The risk of accident, injury and death is disproportionately higher for motorcycle riders than for motorists. In this paper, we investigate strategies of safety management associated with operation of powered two-wheel vehicles (motorcycles and scooters). Accident prevention is most often driven by an epidemiological approach that investigates the risk factors associated with accidents. By focusing on risk factors, these types of studies fail to examine the strengths of the system in any depth. In this paper we employ an ethnographic approach structured by reference to the framework of Cognitive Work Analysis, to identify how riders of powered two-wheel vehicles manage their own safety and the safety of others. We anticipate that this research will open up a rich, relatively untapped, area for exploration of safety interventions.     

Comparison of moped,scooter and motorcycle crash risk and crash severity

The increased popularity of mopeds and motor scooters in Australia and elsewhere in the last decade has contributed substantially to the greater use of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) as a whole. As the exposure of mopeds and scooters has increased, so too has the number of reported crashes involving those PTW types, but there is currently little research comparing the safety of mopeds and, particularly, larger scooters with motorcycles. This study compared the crash risk and crash severity of motorcycles, mopeds and larger scooters in Queensland, Australia. Comprehensive data cleansing was undertaken to separate motorcycles, mopeds and larger scooters in police-reported crash data covering the five years to 30 June 2008. The crash rates of motorcycles (including larger scooters) and mopeds in terms of registered vehicles were similar over this period, although the moped crash rate showed a stronger downward trend. However, the crash rates in terms of distance travelled were nearly four times higher for mopeds than for motorcycles (including larger scooters). More comprehensive distance travelled data is needed to confirm these findings. The overall severity of moped and scooter crashes was significantly lower than motorcycle crashes but an ordered probit regression model showed that crash severity outcomes related to differences in crash characteristics and circumstances, rather than differences between PTW types per se. Greater motorcycle crash severity was associated with higher (>80 km/h) speed zones, horizontal curves, weekend, single vehicle and nighttime crashes. Moped crashes were more severe at night and in speed zones of 90 km/h or more. Larger scooter crashes were more severe in 70 km/h zones (than 60 km/h zones) but not in higher speed zones, and less severe on weekends than on weekdays. The findings can be used to inform potential crash and injury countermeasures tailored to users of different PTW types.     

坐式摩托车发动机台架性能试验装置-LZDC型直流电力测功机系统的研制

传统的坐式摩托车发动机台架性能试验方法是测试发动机的曲轴功率。本文介绍了该种发动机台架试验的一种新型设备—ＬＺＤＣ型直流电力测功系统,它是采用输出轴测功的办法,此种方法较之传统的方法更加完善和合理。     

基于Pro／E骨架模型的电动代步车设计

阐述了Pro／E软件自顶而下设计的实现方法，从电动代步车结构层次规划着手，提出了建立以骨架模型为数据传递载体，将设计参数依次传递到各级子装配与零件的设计方法，从而实现电动代步车的全参数化整车结构设计。