尾水管高度和宽度对水轮机水力性能的影响

针对不同高度和宽度的尾水管,通过分析其内部水流的流动情况,论述了高度和宽度对尾水管设计的重要性,同时采用CFD分析和模型试验的方法来确定尾水管高度和宽度对水轮机水力性能的影响。     

Experimental study of the gravity effect on the distribution of refrigerant flow in a multi-pass condenser

Gravity in multi-pass condensers affects the refrigerant flow rate distribution, owing to the gravitational pressure drop that occurs mainly in the U-bend tubes in fin and tube condensers with horizontal tubes. This effect was studied using an experimental approach. A condenser with two ‘nU’ circuits was selected, and the temperature variation of the refrigerant side was measured and compared along each circuit. The critical air velocity, which indicated the initiation of the gravity effect, was found for a given refrigerant flow rate. As the air velocity increased beyond the critical air velocity, the gravity effect (or mal-distribution of the refrigerant flow) developed further. Similarly, the critical refrigerant flow rate was also determined for a given air velocity. As the refrigerant flow rate decreased below the critical refrigerant flow rate, the gravity effect also developed further. The gravity-affected region was shown in the table with rows of air velocities and columns of refrigerant flow rates, and expressed using a single parameter for a given refrigerant flow circuit.     

池式核沸腾中滑移汽泡的薄层蒸发传热模型

通过对池式核沸腾下加热壁面上滑移汽泡引起的薄层蒸发传热的分析,在若干假定基础上,建立了滑移汽泡薄层蒸发传热模型,并在该传热模型的基础上,结合管束沸腾传热机理的实验研究结果,给出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的分析表达式,验证结果表明,采用建立模型计算所得单管池沸腾传热系数与实验结果的平均相对误差为±６．１％。     

Error evaluation on experimental stress–strain curve obtained from tube bulging test

To get precise material data for advanced numerical modelling of tube hydroforming process, the tube bulging test is recommended. Stresses and strains in the tube cannot be evaluated easily and several approaches have been proposed. A review is proposed and points out their advantages and drawbacks.     

一种快开式人孔结构的设计方法

介绍了一种超出人孔标准范围的快开式人孔结构的设计方法。经实践证明安全可靠,可以满足工艺要求。     

彩管用校正透镜的一种设计方法

本文介绍了校正透镜的设计与制造过程：通过对原始校正透镜及其试验管的测试数据进行分析、利用计算机对数据进行处理并建立数学模型,来达到CPT校正透镜的自我设计、修正,直至合乎要求。     

无高架地板的“洞洞板”系统在大面积高洁净等级厂房中的应用

以目前国内一家光电厂的华夫板设计为例,介绍华夫板设计方案,对两类不同华夫板的设计方案进行比选,阐述了无高架地板"洞洞板"系统的特点,设计的重点、难点和解决方案,并通过项目的实际运行得以验证,无高架地板"洞洞板"系统值得在类似厂房中使用。     

管体腐蚀检测系统在稠油热采注汽管道中的应用

介绍了在不拆除现有保温层的情况下,管体腐蚀检测系统在稠油热采注汽管道中的应用。结果表明,管体腐蚀检测系统对稠油热采注汽管道的平均管壁厚度进行检测,可以达到预期效果并具有较高的灵敏度。     

焦化加热炉爆管故障分析与预防

焦化加热炉炉管内的物料通常为有杂质容易结焦的混合渣油,如果设计不合理、操作控制不当、运行周期过长等,极易造成炉管爆管事故。以2005年9月大庆石化分公司炼油厂焦化加热炉爆管故障为例,阐述了焦化加热炉的爆管原因、故障处理及预防措施,认为注水量小、渣油中含催化剂、负荷偏离设计工况、烧焦周期和烧焦速度不当等引起严重结焦是爆管的主要原因。     

Design of a novel, intensified heat exchanger for reduced fouling rates

This paper describes an integrated approach into the design and evaluation of a novel tube bundle heat exchanger that achieves higher heat transfer levels at lower levels of pressure drop, while remaining less susceptible to gas-side fouling. The approach combines laboratory scale experiments with industrial observations and numerical simulations of full-scale heat exchangers to study the thermal, hydraulic and fouling characteristics of tube bundle heat exchangers. Three arrangements are compared and the advantages of the proposed novel arrangement are demonstrated. Enhanced heat transfer rates are combined with reduced pressure drop and gas-side fouling rates through careful design of the shape of the tube cross-section and reduced transverse spacing.