Polypyrrole composite membrane with high permeability prepared by interfacial polymerization

Novel polypyrrole (PPy)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization to make a very effective gas separation membrane. We found that Polymerized PPy films as thin as ～200 nm could be chemically synthesized as freestanding membranes by using the interfacial polymerization technique. Additionally, we show that difference morphology of PPys films was obtained by controlling polymerization rate and more dense films were formed at low polymerization rate. Wide X-ray diffraction study showed the d spacing value of the PPy film decreased from 4.89 å to 3.67 å by the rate of polymerization decreases. According to d spacing value decrease, selectivity of a PPy composite membrane was increased dramatically and permeability was reduced gradually. This high selectivity was derived from d spacing closed to the kinetic diameter of nitrogen. These results indicated that the permeability is controlled by the diffusion coefficient, reflecting the packed structure of the PPy film. The highest selectivity value of composite membrane that was prepared by interfacial polymerization was O₂/N₂=17.2 and permeability for O₂ was 40.2 barrer.     

改良MEA脱碳技术在小氮厂变换气脱碳中的应用

介绍了改良MEA脱碳技术的基本原理、工艺特点以及在工业中的应用情况，实践表明，改良MEA提高了溶液的吸收能力，降低了再生热耗，解决了MEA易降解损耗等问题。     

A glue method for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells

We present a simple glue method for fabricating membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Rather than the conventional “dry” hot-pressing method that relies solely on hot-pressing at a high pressure and temperature to form a MEA, the “wet” method developed in this work introduces a binding agent, consisting of Nafion^® solution, between a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and an anode/cathode. The introduced binding agent can provide a better adhesion and stronger binding force between a membrane and an electrode, thereby facilitating a better interfacial contact between the electrode and the Nafion^® membrane, which has been proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to the cross-sectional morphology of the MEA after long-term operation. The cell performance characterization showed the MEA fabricated by the glue method was more stable in cell performance than that fabricated by the conventional hot-pressing method. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results also demonstrated the MEA fabricated by the glue method exhibited a higher electrochemical surface area (ESA) as a result of the improved interfacial contact between the Nafion^® membrane and the electrodes. Finally, the DMFC with the MEA fabricated by the glue method was characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).     

Characterization of catalysts and membrane in DMFC lifetime testing

The lifetime and performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were investigated to understand the correlation between the structure of catalysts/membrane and cell performance versus time. The cell polarization and performance curves were obtained during the DMFC operation with the time. The catalysts and Nafion^® membrane of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the lifetime test were comprehensively examined by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that there was significant performance degradation during the first 200 h operation; while the degradation was slowing down between 200 and 704 h operation. The degradation became worse after 1002 h operation. The increases of the catalyst particle size from both anode and cathode catalysts were observed after the DMFC lifetime test. The changes of microstructure, surface composition, the interfacial structure of the MEA, and the aging of Nafion^® under the DMFC lifetime tests were also observed.     

Ultrasonic force microscopy: detection and imaging of ultra-thin molecular domains

The analysis of the formation of ultra-thin organic films is a very important issue. In fact, it is known that the properties of organic light emitting diodes and field effect transistors are strongly affected by the early growth stages. For instance, in the case of sexithiophene, the presence of domains made of molecules with the backbone parallel to the substrate surface has been indirectly evidenced by photoluminescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. On the contrary, conventional scanning force microscopy both in contact and intermittent contact modes have failed to detect such domains. In this paper, we show that Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM), sensitive to nanomechanical properties, allows one to directly identify the structure of sub-monolayer thick films. Sexithiophene flat domains have been imaged for the first time with nanometer scale spatial resolution. A comparison with lateral force and intermittent contact modes has been carried out in order to explain the origins of the UFM contrast and its advantages. In particular, it indicates that UFM is highly suitable for investigations where high sensitivity to material properties, low specimen damage and high spatial resolution are required.     

Magnetic properties of grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets processed by conventional rolling and cross shear rolling

A new procedure consisting of the cross shear rolling (CSR) and the subsequent tertiary recrystallization annealing under dry hydrogen atmosphere was developed to produce the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon sheets less than 0.1 mm with high magnetic property performance. For comparison, the conventional rolling (CR) was also used to process the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets. The effect of processing parameters on magnetic properties of the grain oriented ultra-thin silicon steel sheets was investigated. With the increase of annealing temperature and holding time, magnetic properties of the sheets processed by both rolling methods reach saturation as the result of the proceeding of the tertiary recrystallization. The thin sheets rolled by CSR did achieve better magnetic properties than those rolled by CR.     

LPE生长外延片超薄有源层结构的SEM研究

通过对液相外延（LPE）生长的外延片不同处理方法的研究，摸索出一条利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来观测有源区厚度的有效方法──蒸金法，最优可观察有源区厚度20nm，对设计厚度为18nm结构来说[1]，这是一种便利而有效的观察手段。     

RS(255,223)译码器的设计与FPGA实现

RS码是一种多进制分组循环码。检错和纠错能力强．尤其适合纠正突发错误，在通信系统中有着广泛的应用。本文所研究的RS(255，223)译码器采用修正的Euclid译码算法(MEA)，介绍了一种基于FPGA的RS译码器的设计和硬件电路实现方案。按照自顶向下的设计流程．划分模块．详细论述了各子模块的设计过程。     

应用最大熵和思维进化算法的阈值分割

在指数熵的基础上给出了模糊指数信息熵的定义及其性质,避免了对数中无定义点的问题,并用此概念和条件概率定义图像模糊划分的熵,根据熵最大原理进行图像自动分割。为了降低计算复杂度,提高计算速度,改进了思维进化算法（MEA）,设计了自适应趋同和小概率随机异化操作,优化模糊隶属参数,搜索最优分割阈值。实验结果表明,该方法能够自动、有效地选取阈值,分割效果优于Otsu等其他算法,并能保留原始图像的主要特征。     

改进的MEA-WNN图像复原方法

模糊图像复原是计算机视觉和图像处理领域的重要任务。针对思维进化算法(mind evolutionary algorithm,MEA)和小波神经网络(wavelet neural network,WNN)相结合的图像复原模型中,MEA的得分函数相对差别小、选优功能较弱等问题,提出了一种改进的MEA-WNN图像复原方法。该方法采用逻辑回归函数进行幂律变换,增加得分之间的差别,从而增强MEA的选优功能。将改进的模型与传统的基于WNN和MEA-WNN的图像复原模型进行对比,改进的模型把复原图像峰值信噪比(peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)分别提高15%和6.5%、结构相似性(structural similarity,SSIM)提高了6.1%和5%,实验结果证明改进模型的有效性和优越性。