人口红利对我国城乡收入差距的影响研究

人口红利促进经济增长,但是城乡收入差距却不断扩大。从人口红利的两个显著特征,高劳动参与率和总抚养比的下降两个途径提出理论假说。以中国1993—2012年的第二三产业总比重、城乡人力资本投资差异和城乡收入差距的时间序列数据,构建VECM 模型。实证结果表明：城乡收入差距长期受到产业结构的变动和城乡人力资本投资差异的共同作用;在滞后期内,第二三产业总比重的增加导致城乡收入差距缩小,城乡人力资本投资差异的扩大将导致城乡收入差距扩大。     

The relationship between electricity consumption,electricity prices and GDP in Pakistan

This study analyzes the relationship among electricity consumption, its price and real GDP at the aggregate and sectoral level in Pakistan. Using annual data for the period 1960–2008, the study finds the presence of unidirectional causality from real economic activity to electricity consumption. In particular, growth in output in commercial, manufacturing and agricultural sectors tend to increase electricity consumption, while in residential sector, growth in private expenditures is the cause of rising electricity consumption. The study concludes that electricity production and management needs to be better integrated with overall economic planning exercises. This is essential to avoid electricity shortfalls and unplanned load shedding.     

Determinants of China's energy imports: An empirical analysis

Sustained economic growth in China has triggered a surge of energy imports, especially oil imports. This paper investigates the determinants of China's energy import demand by using cointegraiton and VECM techniques. The findings suggest that, in the long run, growth of industrial production and expansion of transport sectors affect China's oil imports, while domestic energy output has a substitution effect. Thus, as the Chinese economy industrializes and the automotive sector expands, China's oil imports are likely to increase. Though China's domestic oil production has a substitution effect on imports, its growth is limited due to scarce domestic reserve and high exploration costs. It is anticipated that China will be more dependent on overseas oil supply regardless of the world oil price.     

沪深股市权证和股票的互动关系研究

以向量误差修正模型为基础,结合格兰杰因果关系检验,对当前我国沪深股市中权证及其标的股票的互动关系进行了实证研究.在分别对1 min价格行为和5 min价格行为进行了检验、对比和综合之后发现:1 min数据中,权证和标的股票间存在显著的反馈关系,但权证对股票的影响相对更持久,权证对股票存在弱领先效应;5 min数据中,二者间基本不存在反馈效应,股票对权证几乎没有影响,而权证对股票存在强领先效应.综合两组数据的结果,有充分证据表明权证和标的股票间存在引导/滞后及反馈关系,且总体上说,权证的价格变化处于领先地位.     

中国城市化率与住宅销售量的关系研究

利用计量经济软件,对我国1987～2003年间城市化率和住宅销售量作了实证研究。研究表明,二者存在长期协整关系,但不具有因果关系;住宅销售量对城市化率微小变动的响应是正向的;住宅销售量预测显示,短期内住宅销售量是最主要的贡献因素。     

国际黄金期货价格影响因素研究

全球政治经济环境的不稳定性会造成国际黄金期货价格的剧烈波动.为探究国际黄金期货价格的主要影响因素,利用2000—2019年国际黄金期货月度价格数据,运用向量自回归(VAR)模型、向量误差修正(VECM)模型、协整检验、脉冲响应和方差分解进行实证研究.结果表明:国际黄金期货价格与地缘政治风险、经济政策不确定性、美元指数、...     

上海住房市场价量波动关系研究

我国大部分城市近年住房市场表现出价格和销售量一齐增长的态势。以上海为例,采用向量误差修正模型对房价和销售面积进行实证研究,得出与Berkovec and Goodman(1996)和Andrew and Meen(2003)分别对美国和英国住房市场研究相似的结论,即房价和销售量存在正相关关系。同时,脉冲响应函数分析和Granger因果检验表明,房价受外部条件冲击后,对价格变化产生持续的正向影响,并经市场传递给销售量,销售量在短暂的观望后,经过一段时间的振荡,最终表现为明显的正向变化。房价变化是销售量变化的Granger因。     

基于协整理论的负荷预测新方法

对用电量、GDP变量系统建立了向量自回归模型,使用Johansen-juselius方法分析2个序列之间的协整关系,确定了协整向量,利用误差纠正项将无约束向量自回归模型修正为向量误差纠正模型,用极大似然估计参数完成模型的参数估计。从理论层面分析了2个变量系统的长期均衡关系和短期波动的误差纠正机制。最后运用该模型对江苏省季度数据进行预测分析。基于协整理论的负荷预测方案有效地避免了传统建模中出现的伪回归隐忧,实际算例表明,模型的预测效果是满意的。     

Income and price elasticities of electricity demand: Aggregate and sector-wise analyses

Cointegration and vector error correction modeling approaches are widely used in electricity demand analysis. The study rigorously examines the determinants of electricity demand at aggregate and sectoral levels in Pakistan. In the backdrop of severe electricity shortages, our empirical findings give support to the existence of a stable long-run relationship among the variables and indicate that electricity demand is elastic in the long run to both income and price at aggregate level. At sectoral level, long-run income and price elasticity estimates follow this pattern except in agricultural sector, where electricity demand is found elastic to output but inelastic to electricity price. On the contrary, the coefficients for income and price are rather small and mostly insignificant in the short run. We employed temperature index, price of diesel oil and capital stock at aggregate and sectoral levels as exogenous variables. These variables account for most of the variations in electricity demand in the short run. It shows that mechanization of the economy significantly affect the electricity demand at macro level. Moreover, elastic electricity demand with respect to electricity price in most of the sectors implies that electricity price as a policy tool can be used for efficient use and conservation.     

The relationship between pollutant emissions,renewable energy,nuclear energy and GDP: empirical evidence from 18 developed and developing countries

This document investigates the causal relationship between nuclear energy (NE), pollutant emissions (CO₂ emissions), gross domestic product (GDP) and renewable energy (RE) using dynamic panel data models for a global panel consisting of 18 countries (developed and developing) covering the 1990–2013 period. Our results indicate that there is a co-integration between variables. The unit root test suggests that all the variables are stationary in first differences. The paper further examines the link using the Granger causality analysis of vector error correction model, which indicates a unidirectional relationship running from GDP per capita to pollutant emissions for the developed and developing countries. However, there is a unidirectional causality from GDP per capita to RE in the short and long run. This finding confirms the conservation hypothesis. Similarly, there is no causality between NE and GDP per capita.