Deployment of a cloud pipeline for real-time visual inspection using fast streaming high-definition images

We investigate the challenges of building an end-to-end cloud pipeline for real-time intelligent visual inspection system for use in automotive manufacturing. Current methods of visual detection in automotive assembly are highly labor intensive, and thus prone to errors. An automated process is sought that can operate within the real-time constraints of the assembly line and can reduce errors. Components of the cloud pipeline include capture of a large set of high-definition images from a camera setup at the assembly location, transfer and storage of the images as needed, execution of object detection, and notification to a human operator when a fault is detected. The end-to-end execution must complete within a fixed time frame before the next car arrives in the assembly line. In this article, we report the design, development, and experimental evaluation of the tradeoffs of performance, accuracy, and scalability for a cloud system.     

In situ efficiency of filters in residential central HVAC systems

High-efficiency filtration in residential forced-air heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems protects equipment and can reduce exposure to particulate matter. Laboratory tests provide a measure of the nominal efficiency, but they may not accurately reflect the in situ efficiency of the filters because of variations in system conditions and changes in filter performance over time. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate the effective filtration efficiency, which is inclusive of any loading and system impacts, in 21 occupied residential homes through in-duct concentration measurements. We considered the role of filter media by testing both electret and non-electret media, as well as the role of loading by considering new and used filters. The results show that filters with higher nominal efficiency generally had higher effective filtration efficiency in the same home. In terms of performance change, there is no significant difference in efficiency between initial and 3-month non-electret filters, but the efficiency of electret filters generally decreased over time. However, both nominal efficiency and performance change were vastly overshadowed by the wide variety in loading and system conditions across homes, making it hard to predict filter efficiency in a given home without in situ measurements.     

埋地管道泄漏内封堵装置设计与研究

针对流体输送埋地管道泄漏问题,设计了一种利用管道机器人携带封堵气囊进行快速应急封堵修复的埋地管道泄漏内封堵装置。采用矩阵变换方法建立了牵引系统驱动轮过弯方程,利用MATLAB软件对过弯方程进行了验证,同时利用ADAMS软件仿真分析过弯路径与驱动轮转角对牵引系统行走速度的影响。研究结果表明:由两个串联封堵器组成的应急封堵系统可满足复杂工况下的管道泄漏封堵要求;牵引系统驱动轮在弯管内部行走时,单轮速度呈周期性变化,但三个驱动轮整体周期运动特性一致;驱动轮转角在25°~40°时,牵引系统行走速度与驱动轮转角成正比,且转角为30°时驱动效果最好。该内封堵装置的结构设计可为管道泄漏应急封堵领域装备的研发提供重要参考。     

埋地管道在冻土带的热力变形分析

埋地油气管道通过永冻土地带时,由于管内介质与周围的冻土发生了热力作用,使冰土解冻,在管道周围形成融化圈。文章分析了永冻土的特点,建立了永冻土地带土壤传热数学模型:融化圈内外传热方程、管道向土壤和土壤表面向大气所放热量的守恒关系、融化圈界面处土壤温度、相变界面处固相变为液相的传热条件。还建立了埋地管道模型,并以穿过永冻土地带土壤的输油管道为例,分析并计算了各种应力的最大值所在的位置和大小,提出了在永冻土地带减小管道热力变形的措施。     

燃气管网动态仿真的研究及应用

研究和了解燃气在管道中的流动，是进行燃气管网系统优化和提高管网输运系统安全性的前提和基础。以流体力学三大守恒方程为基础，建立了等温和非等温条件下的燃气管网稳态和动态仿真理论模型。以有限差分法为基础，得到了上述模型的求解方法，并加入了耗散项，提高了求解方法的稳定性。通过增加初始点和延长出口点的方法，简化了模型的求解。通过在北京六环天然气管网中的初步应用，分别得到了与实际值综合相对误差为1.21％和2.62％的压力和流量仿真值，从而验证了模型及求解方法的可靠性。     

不锈钢管道坡口加工的新方法

对于不锈钢管及合金钢管坡口的加工,采用以往的加工方法切割出来的坡口一般参差不平、比较粗糙,难于打磨平整。使用LGK空气等离子切割机和磁力管道切割机的组合加上一定的辅助手段,改善了不锈钢管及合金钢管的坡口加工效果,使加工出来的坡口像碳钢管一样平整,更加容易打磨组焊。文章介绍了这一新方法所用的设备、材料、切割原理以及操作过程。     

忠武输气管道悬索跨越设计创新及探讨

忠武输气管道有4次悬索跨越,分别是蚂蝗溪悬索跨越、木龙河悬索跨越、马水河悬索跨越、野三河悬索跨越。文章介绍了这几座悬索跨越管桥设计中采用的多项新技术,如采用热聚乙烯半平行钢丝索代替以往的钢丝绳;采用钢管塔架代替以往的角钢塔架;根据地形地貌特点变换风索型式或取消塔架等。这些新技术、新设计在工程中均取得了良好的效果。另外,文章还针对悬索跨越桥面结构型式、预拱度设置、不对称荷载的影响、风索基础的设置等问题进行了探讨。     

基于可靠性评价的含缺陷核压力管道疲劳寿命预测方法

含缺陷压力管道经缺陷评定合乎使用后,其疲劳寿命的估计具有重要的工程意义。将整个含缺陷压力管道作为一个整体,分析了含缺陷压力管道的疲劳裂纹扩展特点,提出了相应的含缺陷压力管道疲劳寿命的计算过程,并在基于可靠性评价的基础上,给出了核压力管道的可接受失效概率,最终得到了含缺陷核压力管道疲劳寿命预测方法。     

模糊层次分析法在腐蚀影响因素分析中的应用

结合国内外对碳钢CO2腐蚀影响因素的研究成果,采用模糊层次分析法对影响输油管道 CO2腐蚀的因素进行定量分析,明确界定出这些因素对二氧化碳腐蚀影响的相对重要性(权重),为后续制定经济有效的管道内腐蚀防护措施提供了客观依据。     

工业管道测厚的几点问题探讨

超声波测厚在腐蚀监测上应用越来越广泛,为让这项检测技术更准确、更可靠,充分发挥功效,文章就工业管道测厚中测厚数据处理、测厚点选择、高温问题以及其它影响因素等几个方面进行了探讨。