对“垃圾衍生燃料”RDF之探析

当前,我国水泥工业在可燃废弃物应用技术方面都还处于一家一户、自制自用、效率极低的初级阶段。发达国家的替代燃料:“垃圾衍生燃料”RDF、“固体回收燃料”SRF、“次煤”Subcoal和“纸塑垃圾衍生燃料”RPF制成的原材料都是可燃废弃物,只是处理工艺技术不同或者由垃圾中分拣出的可燃废弃物不同,制成颗粒状衍生燃料的品质不同,这些都可以替代部分甚或替代全部化石燃料在水泥窑炉中应用。我国大力发展“替代燃料”产业,有助于水泥工业消纳更多的“可燃废弃物”,为改善环境尤其是城镇环境和面貌,为我国的节能减排和绿色高质量发展发挥更大的作用。     

中国化石能源生产的生命周期清单(Ⅰ)--能源消耗与直接排放

化石能源生产的生命周期清单不仅是开展化工产业及其产品生命周期分析的基础,也能阐明化石能源生产的基本环境行为.通过计算得到了2002年我国原煤、原油和天然气开采过程中直接相关的能源消耗和污染物排放,涉及到的污染物排放包括液态污染物、固体废弃物和CO2、SO2、NOx、CO、CH4、烟尘等气态排放物.     

Addressing the CO2 dilemma

Perspectives are offered for reducing the impact of huge amounts of CO₂ produced today from power generation and transportation vehicles. The origins of the dilemma between the world’s increasing use of hydrocarbons as an energy source and the cogeneration of CO₂ which results as a co-product are discussed. Hydrocarbons will provide much of the fuel needs for these major, global industries for the next 20 years and meet 60% of the world’s energy demand. With the growth of both power generation and transportation vehicles around the world, CO₂ levels will continue to increase in the atmosphere. Renewables such as wind, dams, and biomass will not be able to handle all the energy demand. Technology breakthroughs are needed to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, which will be aggravated by the drive to use more coal. Current approaches for removing CO₂ are discussed as well as near term and future options with particular focus on how catalysis can offer some solutions. In particular, solar photocatalysis based approaches offer a potentially viable energy solution.     

永川火力发电厂三期工程取水口模型试验

为确定永川火力发电厂三期工程的取水口位置,通过物理模型试验对3个取水断面附近的流场分布和泥沙冲於规律进行分析。试验结果表明,3个取水断面附近都是年内冲於平衡的,综合考虑工程投资和取水口对通航的影响,采用取水断面2作为电厂的取水口。     

上海市火电厂污染物排放控制及环境影响

电厂是上海市大气重点污染源之一，上海要保证2010年世博会期间的大气环境质量，以及在2020年建成生态型城市，必须加强火电厂的污染物控制。文章在调研了上海市2003年17家电厂污染物排放现状的基础上,结合上海的实际和未来发展规划，为该17家电厂制定了削减电厂颗粒物、SO2和NOx排放的改造方案，并使用ADMS-Urban模型对改造前后的环境质量进行了模拟。由计算可知．改造方案实施后，17家电厂排放的颗粒物、SO2和NOx的总量分别可削减67％、91％和46％。     

火电厂的SIS建设及实时数据库平台的选择

具体论述了电厂厂级监控信息系统(简称SIS)的系统架构和SIS与管理信息系统(简称MIS)的连接方式，指出SIS和MIS应采用独立的网络进行连接以提高安全性和可靠性，同时分析了SIS建设中实时数据库平台的选择原则，包括数据存储效率、系统访问结构、接口技术、数据缓冲和容错功能等，同时还讨论了SIS中各项高级应用应该实现的具体功能，为电厂开展SIS建设提供了参考。     

Comparing alternative cellulosic biomass biorefining systems: Centralized versus distributed processing systems

This study explores how two different cellulosic ethanol production system configurations (distributed versus centralized processing) affect some aspects of the economic and environmental performance of cellulosic ethanol, measured as minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) and various environmental impact categories. The eco-efficiency indicator, which simultaneously accounts for economic and environmental features, is also calculated. The centralized configuration offers better economic performance for small-scale biorefineries, while the distributed configuration is economically superior for large-scale biorefineries. The MESP of the centralized configuration declines with increased biorefinery size up to a point and then rises due to the cost of trucking biomass to the biorefinery. In contrast, the MESP in the distributed configuration continuously declines with increasing biorefinery size due to the lower costs of railroad transportation and the greater economies of scale achieved at much larger biorefinery sizes, including biorefineries that reach the size of an average oil refinery—about 30,000 tons per day of feedstock. The centralized system yields lower environmental impacts for most impact categories than does the distributed system regardless of the biorefinery size. Eco-efficiency analysis shows that the centralized configuration is more sustainable for small-scale biorefineries, while the distributed configuration with railroad transport is more sustainable for large-scale biorefineries. Compared with gasoline from petroleum, cellulosic ethanol fuel offers sustainability advantages for the following environmental impact categories: fossil energy consumption, global warming, human health impacts by particulate matter, ozone layer depletion, ecotoxicity, human health cancer, and human health non-cancer, depending somewhat on the biorefinery sizes and the system configurations.     

King oil: a speculative opinion

This speculative opinion is based on an apparent dream caused by Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement. The account includes a comparison between arguments against the abolition of slavery and those against ending a fossil-fuel based economy in favor of sustainability through a green approach. Recent social disturbance in France shows that a carbon tax has not been persuasively advocated. But it should be clear that unchanged laissez-faire economics will produce disaster in light of the facts about global heating and climate change. This account is based on historical and contemporary quotations from American political figures from both the XIX and XXI centuries. The parallels raise fundamental issues of human rights.     

新型火电厂用钢的发展对电建市场的影响与挑战

新型火电厂用钢具有含碳量低、元素多元化、成分含量精确、杂质含量少、力学性能好、焊接时冷裂纹敏感性低等特点。新型火电厂用钢将影响电建市场,促进大型超临界、超超临界火电机组上马和促进小容量机组的改造及常规机组向超临界机组的改造。新型火电厂用钢给电建公司带来挑战,电建公司只有做好焊工的培养、焊接工艺评定及改进、改进焊接热处理和焊接检验如超声波检验和金相检验才能面对挑战。     

二次再热火电机组热力系统热经济性矩阵分析方法

结合等效热降理论和矩阵,经过理论分析,给出了适于二次再热机组热力系统经济性定量分析的扩展型能效分布矩阵方程。通过实例进行验证,表明基于该矩阵方程的分析方法适用于一次、二次再热机组的热经济分析计算,具有通用、精确和适于计算机计算的特点。