平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化及实验

针对反射面成型的复杂影响因素，提出平面桁架构建的定日镜面形支撑结构优化技术路线. 利用模拟仿真、数值计算和优化算法等方法，解析20 m²定日镜面形定义技术路线的4个组成环节：面形规格及宽高比、上弦杆的截面矩、平面桁架组间距的最优值、机加工中工艺控制要点的量化. 试制小型定日镜进行实验，分析光斑形状和能流密度分布特性，并与理想球面形光斑比较，两者的拟合优度大于0.98. 实验结果表明，当反射镜宽高比取1.2，上弦杆截面矩取40 000 mm⁴，桁架组间距取950 mm，上弦杆和斜杆的开孔公差小于0.9 mm时，反射面形的质量提升. 研究从原理和实践上证明了该优化技术路线的可行性.     

塔式太阳能热力发电技术进展

开发和利用太阳能是当今世界新能源技术革命所面临的重大课题,尤其是太阳能热力发电对人类环境的改善和电力行业可持续发展具有重要的战略意义,必将成为本世纪一种重要能源产业.为此,在比较3种太阳能热力发电系统性能的基础上,阐述了塔式太阳能热力发电系统的发展历程和特点,介绍了塔式热力发电的基本原理及其示范电站的技术进展,着重分析了塔式热力发电所涉及的关键技术,包括太阳热能定日镜、受热器和高温热能储存技术.通过对关键技术的分析,指出大规模高温热能储存是实现太阳能热力发电需优先解决的关键技术,同时提出了发展中国塔式太阳能热力发电技术所需相关基础研究的建议.     

Developments in tubular daylight guidance systems

Tubular daylight guidance systems are linear devices that channel daylight into the core of a building. They consist of a light transport section with, at the outer end, some device for capturing natural light and, at the inner end, a means of distributing the light within the interior. This technology is examined in terms of performance, cost, design issues and governance (codes) for the different generic types of systems. Gaps in the knowledge on a range of issues, particularly operational human factors, are identified as key determinants delaying the wider implementation of this technology.     

塔式太阳能电站聚光镜场的土地利用率研究

塔式太阳能热发电站的聚光镜场大多是由按一定规律排列的矩形定日镜组成,在相邻定日镜间无机械碰撞的情况下,聚光镜场的最大土地利用率仅为58%。文章提出了选用规则交错排列的聚光镜场布置方案,建立不同形状定日镜的土地利用模型,并计算出不同情况下的最大土地利用率。通过仿真得出,矩形定日镜和六边形定日镜在一定长宽比时可获得最大土地利用率,其中六边形定日镜的土地利用率最高,约为100%。     

基于自适应引力搜索算法的定日镜场优化布置

针对塔式太阳能热发电电站中定日镜场优化布置问题,提出一种基于自适应引力搜索算法的定日镜场优化布置方法。以Campo布置规则为基础建立比目标定日镜场大1.5倍的密集型初始镜场,将定日镜所在环的半径作为输入变量并将年均效率作为镜场优化布置的评价标准。通过在引力搜索算法中引入动态调整因子α,可提高算法在高维搜索问题方面的求解能力。最后以塞维利亚Gemasolar电站的定日镜场为例进行优化布置,证明使用自适应引力搜索算法优化后的定日镜场具有更高的年均效率。     

Forthcoming events

Tubular daylight guidance systems are linear devices that channel daylight into the core of a building. They consist of a light transport section with, at the outer end, some device for capturing natural light and, at the inner end, a means of distributing the light within the interior. This technology is examined in terms of performance, cost, design issues and governance (codes) for the different generic types of systems. Gaps in the knowledge on a range of issues, particularly operational human factors, are identified as key determinants delaying the wider implementation of this technology.     

塔式太阳能热发电系统镜场调度方法的研究

提出一种塔式太阳能热发电系统中定日镜调度的方法。根据太阳、定日镜和接收面的光学成像关系,考虑太阳位置、镜面反射率和能见度等因素给出了镜场光能转换效率的计算方法,同时结合定日镜场状态及热力系统所需光功率建立了镜场调度模型。该文将定日镜的调度转化为一个0-1背包问题,设计了一种混合遗传算法来对其求解。采用该调度方法可得到各时刻转换效率最高时所需调用的定日镜数量及其分布,并可调整定日镜瞄准接收靶上分布的目标点,使吸热器上能流分布均匀,降低峰值能流密度,避免过热故障。仿真算例结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

二次反射多碟太阳能聚光器设计与性能分析

设计一种小规模的光线向下式焦点固定的多碟聚光集热系统,其特点是焦点固定,光线向下汇聚,吸热器开口向上,并提出该系统的追踪方式。通过对一次镜场和二次反射镜的分析和优化设计,使设计工况下吸热器入口的平均能流密度达到420 kW/m²,光学效率为87.4%,可为实现光线向下式焦点固定聚光系统的发展和优化提供技术方案。     

塔式电站定日镜场布置范围的理论分析

采用MALAB编程,计算了余弦效率、大气透过效率以及吸热器开口平面上的截断效率,并将这三项效率的乘积定义为地面利用效率用于限制定日镜场的布置范围,进而分析了一些参数对定日镜场布置范围的影响。分析结果表明,地面利用效率可有效限定定日镜场的布置范围。与接收塔光学高度和吸热器开口的倾斜角度相比,吸热器的开口尺寸和定日镜的整体误差大小在很大程度上限定了定日镜场的布置范围。要增大电站容量,必须增大吸热器开口尺寸。而提高定日镜的整体性能不但可提高定日镜场的光学效率,也可有效扩大定日镜场的布置范围,增大电站容量。     

Concentrated solar power on demand

A concentrating solar power system is presented which uses hillside mounted heliostats to direct sunlight into a volumetric absorption molten salt receiver with integral storage. The concentrated sunlight penetrates and is absorbed by molten salt in the receiver through a depth of 4-5 m, making the system insensitive to the passage of clouds. The receiver volume also acts as the thermal storage volume eliminating the need for secondary hot and cold salt storage tanks. A small aperture and refractory-lined domed roof reduce losses to the environment and reflect thermal radiation back into the pond. Hot salt is pumped from the top of the tank through a steam generator and then returned to the bottom of the tank. An insulated barrier plate is positioned within the tank to provide a physical and thermal barrier between the thermally stratified layers, maintaining hot and cold salt volumes required for continuous operation. As a result, high temperature thermal energy can be provided 24/7 or at any desired time.The amount of storage required depends on local needs and economic conditions. About 2500 m³ of nitrate salt is needed to operate a 4 MW_e steam turbine 24/7 (7 h sunshine, 17 h storage), and with modest heliostat field oversizing to accumulate energy, the system could operate for an additional 24 h (1 cloudy day). Alternatively, this same storage volume can supply a 50 MW_e turbine for 3.25 h without additional solar input. Cosine effect losses associated with hillside heliostats beaming light downwards to the receiver are offset by the elimination of a tower and separate hot and cold storage tanks and their associated pumping systems. Reduced system complexity also reduces variable costs. Using the NREL Solar Advisor program, the system is estimated to realize cost-competitive levelized production costs of electricity.