“做中学”维度下深层次工学结合模式的内涵界定及其途径分析

高等职业教育作为高等教育体系中的一种类型,其深层次的工学结合是其重要特征。本文基于"做中学"的视角,深入分析深层次工学结合的内涵标准,提出其运行过程的系统性模式化与相配套机制化的概念,并结合天津职业大学国家高职示范校项目建设实践,从理论与应用两个层面剖析了"教学做"一体化中深层次工学结合的建设途径。     

Going out into the field: an experience of the landscape architecture studio incorporating service-learning and participatory design in Taiwan

Landscape architecture education is a newly developed profession in Taiwanese higher education where the studio is the core curriculum. This paper discusses an alternative studio model where students construct their knowledge and skills through service-learning and participatory design in a real-world environment. A case study based on a first-year undergraduate landscape architecture studio using this system is used to explore the practical factors influencing the implementation process and the extent to which they affect the consistency between pedagogical objectives and actual performance. It argues that, although students can feel challenged because of their limited professional competence, multiple roles and adjustments to field-based education, the value of learning through experience can help transform experience into new action.     

Learning-by-Doing Under Uncertainty

Empirical research indicates that learning-by-doing may be one of the main causes of falling production costs. A number of authors like Arrow, Fudenberg and Tirole, Dasgupta and Stiglitz, have focused on the theoretical implications of learning-by-doing. However, a complete framework incorporating learning, stock building as well as uncertainty, is lacking in the literature. In this paper we broaden earlier theoretical work in two ways. First, we present a theoretical model of learning-by-doing in which the unit-cost structure is not fully known to the firm. The firm has to estimate its stochastic cost structure during the production process. Second, the model allows for the firm to keep a stock which adds to the complexity of the learning process. Through monte carlo techniques we derive the optimal production and sales quantities for multiple cost structures.     

Internalisation of external cost in the power generation sector: Analysis with Global Multi-regional MARKAL model

The Global MARKAL-Model (GMM), a multi-regional “bottom-up” partial equilibrium model of the global energy system with endogenous technological learning, is used to address impacts of internalisation of external costs from power production. This modelling approach imposes additional charges on electricity generation, which reflect the costs of environmental and health damages from local pollutants (SO₂, NO_x) and climate change, wastes, occupational health, risk of accidents, noise and other burdens. Technologies allowing abatement of pollutants emitted from power plants are rapidly introduced into the energy system, for example, desulphurisation, NO_x removal, and CO₂ scrubbers. The modelling results indicate substantial changes in the electricity production system in favour of natural gas combined cycle, nuclear power and renewables induced by internalisation of external costs and also efficiency loss due to the use of scrubbers. Structural changes and fuel switching in the electricity sector result in significant reduction of emissions of both local pollution and CO₂ over the modelled time period. Strong decarbonisation impact of internalising local externalities suggests that ancillary benefits can be expected from policies directly addressing other issues then CO₂ mitigation. Finally, the detailed analysis of the total generation cost of different technologies points out that inclusion of external cost in the price of electricity increases competitiveness of non-fossil generation sources and fossil power plants with emission control.