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1.
Fernando J Beltrn F Javier Rivas Olga Gimeno 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(9):973-984
Photocatalytic ozonation (1O3 + VUV + TiO2), ozonation (O3), catalytic ozonation (O3 + TiO2), ozone photolysis (O3 + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO2 + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading. 相似文献
3.
A study is carried out to describe irreversibilities in one stage refrigerating process for vapour compression cycle with refrigerant mixtures R-404A, R-410A, R-410B and R-507 as working fluids. They are calculated as exergy losses by an algorithm developed on the basis of thermodynamics. The proposed relationships have been derived from exergy balances on the system components. Emphasis is placed on parameters influencing the losses and the related results are presented through Grassmann diagrams (diagrams of exergy fluxes). Furthermore, detailed information on the variation of cycle's exergy efficiency with evaporating and condensing temperatures is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O2/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated.Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone, pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2 O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around O. 6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-metbyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methy1-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl) -2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropanc diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl) propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydrexy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polybydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly. 相似文献
6.
H. -Y. Nie M. J. Walzak N. S. McIntyre 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(4):451-460
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses a very sharp pointed mechanical probe to collect real-space morphological information of
solid surfaces. AFM was used in this study to image the surface morphology of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The
polymer film is characterized by a nanometer-scale, fiberlike network structure, which reflects the drawing process used during
the fabrication of the film. AFM was used to study polymer-surface treatment to improve wettability by exposing the polymer
to ozone with or without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Surface-morphology changes observed by AFM are the result of the surface
oxidation induced by the treatment. Due to the topographic features of the polymer film, the fiberlike structure has been
used to check the performance of the AFM tip. An AFM image is a mixture of the surface morphology and the shape of the AFM
tip. Therefore, it is important to check the performance of a tip to ensure that the AFM image collected reflects the true
surface features of the sample, rather than contamination on the AFM tip. 相似文献
7.
本文为臭氧防霉实验研究。25℃条件下,10~20ppm臭氧直接处理串珠镰刀菌、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、草酸青霉、圆弧青霉,每天处理8小时,明显抑制其生长发育,连续处理效果更佳。用臭氧保藏高水分玉米,接触臭氧玉米不霉变,但臭氧渗透差,必须辅以通风。20℃时向含水量23.42%玉米中通入10ppm臭氧,可向下渗透1米,1米处O_3为0.5ppm,交换次数约每5分钟一次,玉米保藏20天未发生霉变,加大O_3浓度,O_3可渗透至1.5米。2~10ppm臭氧25℃时处理水分21.05%的玉米,玉米过氧化值、脂肪酸值均无明显变化。较新鲜玉米香味略差,但仍较对照样品好。试验还证明受臭氧处理玉米发芽率略有降低。 相似文献
8.
为考察臭氧氧化技术对水中低质量浓度四溴双酚A的降解和毒性控制效能,利用臭氧反应装置研究不同pH和臭氧投加量条件下四溴双酚A(质量浓度为0.15 mg/L)的降解效果,考察反应过程中水样的急、慢性毒性和遗传毒性的变化规律及控制效果,分析毒性变化内在原因,并提出可能性降解机理.结果表明,当溶液pH为7.0、臭氧投加量为0.12 mg/L,四溴双酚A可被完全降解.反应初期,水样的急、慢性毒性迅速升高,原因主要是产生了毒性更高的有机中间产物;随着反应的进行,有毒中间产物被深度降解,急、慢性毒性均得到有效控制,且随着臭氧投加量的增加毒性控制得更快、更显著.当臭氧投加量为0.12 mg/L时,急性毒性在反应20 min时即可被完全控制,慢性毒性在反应60 min也被控制至0.76 TU,反应后水样的急、慢性毒性均满足排放标准.反应过程中水样的致突变比均小于2.0,不具有基因水平的遗传毒性.降解机理分析表明,臭氧降解四溴双酚A主要包括脱溴、β位断裂、加成、去羟基化、甲基化等反应过程. 相似文献
9.
Sheng Xu Yan Li Bo Li Xingyuan He Wei Chen Kun Yan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
The effects of increasing atmospheric ozone (O3) concentrations on cool-season plant species have been well studied, but little is known about the physiological responses of cool-season turfgrass species such as Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea exposed to short-term acute pollution with elevated O3 concentrations (80 ppb and 160 ppb, 9 h d−1) for 14 days, which are widely planted in urban areas of Northern China. The current study aimed to investigate and compare O3 sensitivity and differential changes in growth, oxidative injury, antioxidative enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure between the two turf-type plant species. The results showed that O3 decreased significantly biomass regardless of plant species. Under 160 ppb O3, total biomass of L. perenne and F. arundinacea significantly decreased by 55.3% and 47.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. No significant changes were found in visible injury and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves of the two grass species exposed to 80 ppb O3, except for 160 ppb O3. However, both 80 ppb and 160 ppb O3 exposure induced heavily oxidative stress by high accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in leaves and damage in chloroplast ultrastructure regardless of plant species. Elevated O3 concentration (80 ppb) increased significantly the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidaseby 77.8%, 1.14-foil and 34.3% in L. perenne leaves, and 19.2%, 78.4% and 1.72-fold in F. arundinacea leaves, respectively. These results showed that F. arundinacea showed higher O3 tolerance than L. perenne. The damage extent by elevated O3 concentrations could be underestimated only by evaluating foliar injury or chlorophyll content without considering the internal physiological changes, especially in chloroplast ultrastructure and ROS accumulation. 相似文献
10.