Maskless Preparation of Spatially-Resolved Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Polydimethylsiloxane via In Situ Fluoride-Assisted Synthesis

Here, a fluoride-assisted route for the controlled in-situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) (i.e., AgNPs, AuNPs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. The size and coverage of the NPs on the PDMS surface are modulated with time and over space during the synthetic process, leveraging the improved yield (10×) and faster kinetics (100×) of NP formation in the presence of F⁻ ions, compared to fluoride-free approaches. This enables the maskless preparation of both linear and step gradients and patterns of NPs in 1D and 2D on the PDMS surface. As an application in flexible plasmonics/photonics, continuous and step-wise spatial modulations of the plasmonic features of PDMS slabs with 1D and 2D AgNP gradients on the surface are demonstrated. An excellent spatially resolved tuning of key optical parameters, namely, optical density from zero to 5 and extinction ratio up to 100 dB, is achieved with AgNP gradients prepared in AgF solution for 12 minutes; the performance are comparable to those of commercial dielectric/interference filters. When used as a rejection filter in optical fluorescence microscopy, the AgNP-PDMS slabs are able to reject the excitation laser at 405 nm and retain the green fluorescence of microbeads (100 µm) used as test cases.     

含聚二甲基硅氧烷的聚醚聚氨酯膜透气性及表面性质研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷（ＰＤＭＳ）／聚四氢呋喃（ＰＴＭＯ）为软段，４，４＇－二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＨＭＤＩ）为硬段（丁二醇ＢＤ为扩链剂）制成的多相嵌段共聚物作为基质材料，进行了气体（Ｏ２和Ｎ２）透过性试验，同时对膜材料进行了ＥＳＣＡ表面分析。结果表明，共聚物膜的透气性能取决于材料中连续相组分，随着软段中ＰＤＭＳ含量的改变而变化。当ＰＤＭＳ含量较高时，共聚物膜显示出ＰＤＭＳ均聚物的特性，具有较高的气体秀     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(siloxane-urethane)s

A series of polyurethane block copolymers based on hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and poly(propylene glycol) soft segments of molecular weights 1818 and 2000, respectively, were synthesized. The hard segments consisted of 4,4′-diphenylnethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as the chain extender. Samples with different molar ratios were prepared. We tried to synthesize polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethanes (PDMS-PU) containing a hard block as major fraction and a soft block as minor fraction for preparing toughened rigid systems. After a study of the pure polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethane and poly(propylene glycol)-based polyurethane (PPG-PU), (mixed polyol)-based block copolymers and blends of PDMS-PU and PPG-PU were synthesized, and characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy. In (mixed polyol)-based copolymers and lower hard-segment content blends, macro-phase separation occurred, but blends with higher hard-segment contents showed significant reduction in amounts of phase separation.     

（急）PDMS/ZrO2/SiO2超疏水辐射制冷薄膜的制备及性能

被动日间辐射制冷（PDRC）技术由于不需要外部能源、绿色清洁无污染而受到广泛关注。该文通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和二氧化锆（ZrO2）颗粒进行复合形成分散液，将其浇铸成膜后得到PDMS/ZrO2辐射制冷薄膜材料，然后通过喷涂PDMS/SiO2分散液对其进行疏水化处理制备了一种超疏水辐射制冷薄膜材料。通过优化ZrO2粒径和喷涂液中SiO2用量，薄膜表面接触角可达156.6 ° ± 2 °，滚动角为0.3 ° ± 0.1 °，呈现优异的自清洁性能。其太阳光反射率高达95.3%，红外发射率大于90%。在太阳光直射下，薄膜可实现平均9.99 ℃的降温效果。薄膜的自清洁性能使其表面不受泥土污染从而具有稳定持久的辐射降温功能。除此之外，薄膜具有优异的机械性能、耐摩擦性能以及耐酸/碱溶液和紫外光照稳定性。     

酸酐固化聚二甲基硅氧烷改性环氧树脂体系的研究

合成了聚二甲基硅氧烷与环氧树脂的增容剂，以甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂固化聚二甲基硅氧烷改性环氧树脂体系，通过测定，中击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度分析了其增韧增强效果。结果表明，增容剂的加入提高了环氧树脂与聚二甲基硅氧烷的相容性，当聚二甲基硅氧烷的含量为10％时，改性环氧树脂体系的力学性能最好；并通过热失重法、差示扫描量热法测定了固化物的热性能，其耐热稳定性与纯环氧树脂相比有明显提高。     

导热增强聚氨酯基柔性定形相变材料的制备及性能

以聚乙二醇（PEG10000）和氨丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷（APDMS）为软段，以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）为硬段，以碳纳米管（CNTs）作为功能性材料，一锅法制备了导热增强的聚氨酯基柔性定形相变材料（PU/APDMS/CNTs）。用FTIR、XRD、DSC和TGA等对材料的结构特征和热性能进行了表征。当APDMS含量为10 wt%时，PU/APDMS/CNTs的相变焓值为88.3 J/g，该相变材料在200℃内不发生热分解，具有良好的热稳定性和定形效果，加入5 wt% CNTs的柔性定形相变材料，能够实现光热转换和热能存储，其光热转换和热能存储效率为62.8%，与未加入CNTs的相变材料相比，导热性能明显增强，其升降温速率提高了2.75倍。     

Synthesis and surface characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane copolymers from macroazoinitiator

Poly(methyl methyacrylate)‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane (PMMA‐b‐PDMS) copolymers with various compositions were synthesized with PDMS‐containing macroazoinitiator (MAI), which was first prepared by a facile one‐step method in our lab. Results from the characterizations of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the copolymer films took on a gradient of composition and more PDMS segments enriched at the film surfaces, which then resulted in the low surface free energy and little microphase separation at the film surfaces. By contrast, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that distinct microphase separation occurred in bulk. Slight crosslinking of the block copolymers led to much steady morphology and more distinct microphase separation, in particularly for copolymers with low content of PDMS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Studies on mechanical,thermal, and morphology of diglycidylether‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane‐modified epoxy–bismaleimide matrices

An epoxy matrix system modified by diglycidylether‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DGETPDMS) and bismaleimide (BMI) was developed. Epoxy systems modified with 4, 8, and 12% (by wt) of DGETPDMS were made using epoxy resin and DGETPDMS, with diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent. The DGETPDMS‐toughened epoxy systems were further modified with 4, 8, and 12% (by wt) of BMI, namely (N,N′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane). DGETPDMS/BMI/epoxy matrices were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and heat deflection temperature analysis. The matrices, in the form of castings, were characterized for their mechanical properties, viz. tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact test, as per ASTM methods. Mechanical studies indicate that the introduction of DGETPDMS into epoxy resin improves the impact strength, with reduction in tensile strength, flexural strength, and glass transition temperature, whereas the incorporation of BMI into epoxy resin enhances the mechanical and thermal properties according to its percentage content. However, the introduction of both DGETPDMS and BMI enhances the values of thermomechanical properties according to their percentage content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 668–674, 2006     

基于超弹性基体的大应变复合材料制备与性能研究

采用物理共混工艺制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/多壁碳纳米管(PDMS/MWNTs)复合大应变敏感材料,研究了掺杂比例对其大应变敏感特性的影响;在形貌表征基础上建立了敏感机理模型。初步探索了MWNTs和石墨填充PDMS复合材料的大应变特性。结果表明,PDMS/MWNTs复合材料相对电阻变化率与大应变成良好的线性特性,其中MWNTs掺量为9 wt%时复合材料表现出最优的应变特性,应变系数达到3.1;MWNTs和石墨填充PDMS复合材料电阻变化随大应变表现出非线性特性,分析认为MWNTs的远程导电网络和石墨的近程导电网络相互补充,搭建起更加稳定的导电通路,从而减缓了电阻的线性增大。     

硅氮烷疏水改性介孔分子筛填充PDMS制备杂化复合膜及渗透汽化性能

采用硅烷偶联剂对介孔分子筛疏水改性,并将其掺杂在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)中涂覆在聚砜基膜上制备有机无机杂化复合膜.对疏水改性介孔分子筛进行了BET测试及FT-IR等表征.BET测试结果显示,改性前后孔径分布发生明显变化;从FT-IR图中看出,改性后介孔分子筛的羟基峰明显减小甚至消失并且出现烷基等特征峰.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了有机无机杂化复合膜的形貌结构,并研究了分子筛添加量、料液浓度和操作温度等对杂化复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响.结果表明:采用1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氮烷对介孔分子筛疏水改性最有效;疏水改性后介孔分子筛/PDMS杂化复合膜对醇/水溶液有较好的分离效果,当分子筛填充质量分数为20%、操作温度为40℃、进料液质量分数为3%时,杂化膜对乙醇/水体系的分离因子最高为9.8,渗透通量为1 002 g/(m2·h),对正丁醇/水体系的分离因子最高为65.4,渗透通量为1402 g/(m2·h).