An economic investigation of the wind-hydrogen projects: A case study

Hydrogen as an energy carrier can play a significant role in reducing environmental emissions if it is produced from renewable energy resources. This research aims to assess hydrogen production from wind energy considering environmental, economic, and technical aspect for the East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The economic assessment is performed by calculation of payback period, levelized cost of hydrogen, and levelized cost of electricity. Since uncertainty in the power output of wind turbines may affect the payback period, all calculations are performed for four different turbine degradation rates. While it is common in the literature to choose the wind turbine based on a single criterion, this study implements Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques for this purpose. The results of Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis illustrates that economic issue is the most important criterion for this research. The results of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment shows that Vestas V52 is the most suitable wind turbine for Ahar and Sarab cities, while Eovent EVA120 H-Darrieus is a better choice for other stations. The most suitable location for wind power generation is found to be Ahar, where it is estimated to annually generate 2914.8 kWh of electricity at the price of 0.045 $/kWh, and 47.2 tons of hydrogen at the price of 1.38 $/kg, which result in 583 tons of CO₂ emission reduction.     

Structural analysis and optimization of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation

In this paper, we present an aero‐structural model of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation. The carbon composite wing has neither fuselage nor actuated aerodynamic control surfaces and is controlled entirely from the ground using three separate tethers. The computational model is efficient enough to be used for weight optimisation at the initial design stage. The main load‐bearing wing component is a nontypical “D”‐shaped wing‐box, which is represented as a slender carbon composite shell and further idealised as a stack of two‐dimensional cross section models arranged along an anisotropic one‐dimensional beam model. This reduced 2+1D finite element model is then combined with a nonlinear vortex step method that determines the aerodynamic load. A bridle model is utilised to calculate the individual forces as a function of the aerodynamic load in the bridle lines that connect the main tether to the wing. The entire computational model is used to explore the influence of the bride on the D‐box structure. Considering a reference D‐box design along with a reference aerodynamic load case, the structural response is analysed for typical bridle configurations. Subsequently, an optimisation of the internal geometry and laminate fibre orientations is carried out using the structural computation models, for a fixed aerodynamic and bridle configuration. Aiming at a minimal weight of the wing structure, we find that for the typical load case of the system, an overall weight savings of approximately 20% can be achieved compared with the initial reference design.     

结冰风洞校准标准研究

本文按结冰风洞制冷方式、试验对象、用途性质和试验段尺寸归纳总结了结冰风洞的类型,指出校准标准主要针对的结冰风洞类型;阐述结冰风洞空气动力流场校准可以依据的3个国内外标准;介绍SAE结冰风洞校准标准中云雾场校准的主要内容;分析研究相关标准的特点和存在的不足;提出未来我国制定结冰风洞校准标准的建议。     

Design structure matrix (DSM) method application to issue of modeling and analyzing the fault tree of a wind energy asset

The perpetual energy production of a wind farm could be accomplished (under proper weather conditions) if no failures occurred. But even the best possible design, manufacturing, and maintenance of a system cannot eliminate the failure possibility. In order to understand and minimize the system failures, the most crucial components of the wind turbines, which are prone to failures, should be identified. Moreover, it is essential to determine and classify the criticality of the system failures according to the impact of these failure events on wind turbine safety. The present study is processing the failure data from a wind farm and uses the Fault Tree Analysis as a baseline for applying the Design Structure Matrix technique to reveal the failure and risk interactions between wind turbine subsystems. Based on the analysis performed and by introducing new importance measures, the “readiness to fail” of a subsystem in conjunction with the “failure riskiness” can determine the “failure criticality.” The value of the failure criticality can define the frame within which interventions could be done. The arising interventions could be applied either to the whole system or could be focused in specified pairs of wind turbine subsystems. In conclusion, the method analyzed in the present research can be effectively applied by the wind turbine manufacturers and the wind farm operators as an operation framework, which can lead to a limited (as possible) design‐out maintenance cost, failures' minimization, and safety maximization for the whole wind turbine system.     

Automated classification of simulated wind field patterns from multiphysics ensemble forecasts

In this study, we have proposed an automated classification approach to identify meaningful patterns in wind field data. Utilizing an extensive simulated wind database, we have demonstrated that the proposed approach can identify low‐level jets, near‐uniform profiles, and other patterns in a reliable manner. We have studied the dependence of these wind profile patterns on locations (eg, offshore vs onshore), seasons, and diurnal cycles. Furthermore, we have found that the probability distributions of some of the patterns depend on the underlying planetary boundary layer schemes in a significant way. The future potential of the proposed approach in wind resource assessment and, more generally, in mesoscale model parameterization improvement is touched upon in this paper.     

江阴长江公路大桥钢箱梁体受力分析

介绍了对大桥的风向、风力和交通流量的测试依据和内容，分析了风向、风力的测试结果以及梁体在风力及交通流量等作用下的受力情况，指出钢箱梁体主要受到的力是风力。     

烟气轮机叶片应力分析与寿命评估方法评述

烟气轮机是炼油厂催化裂化装置的关键设备,合理预测叶片疲劳寿命是保障烟机安全运行的有效手段。从力学建模和边界条件两个方面简要阐述了叶片的应力分析方法,并系统分析了影响烟机叶片疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出了利用改进的局部应力应变法进行叶片寿命预测的合理性和叶片疲劳寿命的评估方法。     

基于MATLAB的风能自校正自调整PID模糊控制器仿真研究

为了提高风力发电系统综合系统性能,在传统风力发电技术的基础上,对变速风力发电机组的自校正自调整PID模糊控制进行了详细的分析和研究,从而利用模糊控制和PID控制相结合的技术,取得了很好的效果。从MATLAB仿真结果看出系统精度及效率很高而稳态误差较小,鲁棒性较好。     

用增量的累积量方法测量大气风场

为了在非平稳、非线性条件下能得到真实风场的良好估计,提出了一种用空间分布天线（SA）雷达信号的增量累积量测量大气风场参数的方法。该方法基于结构函数方法,利用高阶累计量在信息处理中的特性,用零延迟的增量累计量求解平均水平风速等具体参量，并在大气散射模型基础上对增量累积量方法进行了数值模拟,得出了同理论分析一致的结果.分析和计算表明,该方法完全适用于局地平稳条件，可以减小风场参量估计对天线间距的敏感度；阶数k≥3时,对高斯噪声有很强抑制;同时可以得到风场参量的高阶估计，这是普通的二阶方法（如全相关分析、全谱分析）不具备的。     

600 A IGBT开关电路及其散热系统设计

采用IGBT开关电路，对大功率电阻带进行直流脉宽调制控制，实现了内燃机车大功率直流发电机负载实验中的负载大小的连续调节。为了避免在实验过程中IGBT器件的温度过高，采用独特的双管IGBT结构和双向强迫风冷的散热系统。实验表明该电路运行稳定、可靠。