美研制出探测地下污染物新方法

探明土壤或地下水中的污染物 ,通常是一个既费钱又费力的过程。美国罗得岛大学的研究人员近日开发出一种新方法 ,有望使地下污染物的探测工作变得更快更省。罗得岛大学发布的新闻公报介绍说 ,在美国环保局的资助下 ,该校助教弗勒利克设计出了一套新系统 ,它通过将两个金属钉插入地下 ,通上电流并测量两个金属钉之间的电压 ,然后算出土壤的电阻率 ,就能判断其是否受到了污染。电阻率测量法目前在分析地下水中溶解的盐类污染物方面已经被广泛应用 ,这些物质都是良好的导电体。而新系统的探测重点是甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯等有机化合物以及其他一些…     

Ground-based investigation of atomic oxygen effects on naked Ag and Ag with protective organic coating

Protective behavior of organic coatinge of alkyd,epoxy,urethane and siloxance applied to silver solar cell interconnects and erosion of Ag were investigated by exposure experiments to ground simulation atomic oxygen(AO).Evaluations of their protective properties were made through assessing their mass cfhange characteristics,chemical and physical changes to Ao attack.The specimens,after exposure were analyzed with SEM/EDAX and XPS.The results indicated that the silver is heavily etched.some coatings such as epoxy,alkd,urethane are seriously degraded or removed as volatile oxides and morphology of coatings changes.It is evident that siloxane coatings have excellent properties for anti-AO attack.The erosion product consists of silicon dioxide layer of compact texture and is left on the surface to provide adequate protection fro further attack by the energetic AO.     

低剂量X射线照射诱导HeLa细胞存活的

采用集落形成法观察了低剂量X射线照射HeLa细胞的存活率，结果表明，小于0．5Gy的X射线照射细胞的存活率高于对照，得到了HeLa细胞存活的“兴奋效应”，而且在0．25Gy附近这种效应更为明显；低剂量D1（0．05，0．75Gy)的预照射降低了随后攻击量D2对细胞的损伤程度，反映出低剂量照射可诱发细胞存活的“适应性反应”。     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

一种测量建筑材料和土壤氡面析出率的新方案

在分析了直接测量法测量氡面析出率的原理和影响测量效果各因素的基础上，对建筑材料、土壤氡面析出率的测量方案进行了探讨，并提出了一种新的测量方案。该方案能够较好地克服氡面析出率测量中各种因素的影响，并且具有装置简单、可大批量重复测量、成本低等优点。     

万用表电压测量法查找直流接地故障

直流电源是发电站的主要设备，一旦直流系统发生接地故障，将会严重地危及到发电站的安全和经济运行。因此，本文介绍一种简单易行，能快速找出直流接地点的方法一万用表电压测量法。     

一种放射CT重建的鲁棒估计算法

放射CT的重建问题可以归结为一种基于泊松分布的最大似然估计（MuxnimumLikelihood,ML），其中最著名的如EM算法[1]，这种算法存在的问题是鲁棒性不强，当观测数据中存在一些出格点（outlier）（如2％）时，EM算法的性能就变得很差。本文分析了算法性能变差的原因，将泊松分布近似为高斯分布后，仿照鲁律估计中的M-估计，构造了一种鲁棒性很强的EM改进算法。实验结果表明，即使在投影数据中混有10％的出格点，仍能重建出满意的结果来。     

全身表面β污染监测闸门可靠性预计

用串联模式对全身表达β污染监测闸门的可靠性按ＧＪＢ－２９９－８７在两种使用条件进行了预计，所用数据均取自国家军标ＧＪＢ２９９－８７。