“一带一路”下非遗传承的建筑思考——宋锦文化园建筑设计基于“APEC新中装”的启发与实践

"APEC新中装"给了建筑师在文化传承上的启迪,承载非遗文化的建筑设计有着对传统及现代沿革的逻辑考量,这种考量的源和本如何提取,沿革如何通过建筑手法转化,中国宋锦文化园的建筑设计就是基于此考量进行的一次非遗文化传承的逻辑推演尝试。     

对走向21世纪亚太经济合作的若干思考

本文论述已为世界瞩目的亚太经济合作中的几个重要问题：经济过热引起的高通胀等弊端；地区多元化给经济合作带来的困难；亚太经济合作的主旋律以及中国在亚太经济合作中的地位和采取的对策等。     

The unexpected challenges of using energy intensity as a policy objective: Examining the debate over the APEC energy intensity goal

AimsEnergy intensity (energy demand per unit of economic output) is one of the most widely used indicators of energy efficiency in energy policy discussions. Yet its application in real-world policymaking can be surprisingly problematical. This paper aims to provide guidance to governments and organizations considering using energy intensity as a policy objective.ScopeIn 2007 the APEC community adopted, then in 2011 revised, an APEC region-wide energy intensity improvement goal. This paper presents a case study of that experience, focusing on three key ‘lessons learned’. These lessons are not original findings. However, none of them have received the recognition they deserve, and consequently, they came as a surprise to many of those involved in APEC's policy discussions.ConclusionsThe three lessons are as follows: (1) Energy intensity improvement is happening surprisingly quickly, but not quickly enough to meet the world's energy challenges. (2) It is difficult to find a definition of energy intensity that can make it suitable for use as an indicator of regional energy efficiency. (3) Whether the GDP's of individual economies are converted to common currency using market exchange rates or purchasing power parity (PPP) can dramatically change regional energy intensity improvement calculations.     

APEC领导人服装规格尺寸设计

2001年APEC领导人服装中有19位领导人事先没有进行量体，再好的服装款式和精致的估工，规格尺寸不符合将前功尽弃。因此，领导人服装的规格尺寸设计绝对是整个服装制作过程中的重中之重。中重点介绍了为2001年APEC领导人服装规格尺寸设计的思路、方法和模拟体型的规格尺寸设计。     

APEC经济体小麦质量标准的比较研究

对澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、日本、俄罗斯、韩国、中国台湾、美国等APEC经济体,以及ISO、CAC等国际标准化组织的小麦标准进行了收集和分析研究,对比分析了小麦标准中质量技术指标、检验方法和重要指标要求的差别,提出了能够反映小麦最终用途的分类方法等建议。     

APEC期间京津冀地区污染物变化特征分析

利用中国环境监测总站发布的2013年11月1日~2014年12月12日污染物实时浓度数据,分析了京津冀地区污染物变化特征。结果显示：PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO浓度年平均值分别为95.3, 163.9, 54.7, 48.9 μg/m3, 1.5 mg/m3;五种污染物浓度都表现出冬季高夏季低的季节变化特征,但不同污染物在不同的月份又有其特殊的变化特征。APEC期间京津冀地区PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO平均浓度分别为66.1, 123.7, 33.2,、48.5 μg/m3, 1.2 mg/m3。APEC期间京津冀地区PM2.5浓度是APEC前后一个月的60.1%、59.4%;APEC期间气态污染物CO、SO2、NO2浓度与APEC前一个月相当,但APEC后急剧增加。减排措施使京津冀地区PM2.5浓度削减40%左右,PM10削减35%左右,NO2削减10%左右,CO削减15%左右。     

The Amino Acid-mTORC1 Pathway Mediates APEC TW-XM-Induced Inflammation in bEnd.3 Cells

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is key to establishing and maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS); meningitis bacterial infection can disrupt the integrity of BBB by inducing an inflammatory response. The changes in the cerebral uptake of amino acids may contribute to inflammatory response during infection and were accompanied by high expression of amino acid transporters leading to increased amino acid uptake. However, it is unclear whether amino acid uptake is changed and how to affect inflammatory responses in mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells in response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli TW-XM (APEC XM) infection. Here, we firstly found that APEC XM infection could induce serine (Ser) and glutamate (Glu) transport from extracellular into intracellular in bEnd.3 cells. Meanwhile, we also shown that the expression sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) for Ser and excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) for Glu was also significantly elevated during infection. Then, in amino acid deficiency or supplementation medium, we found that Ser or Glu transport were involving in increasing SNAT2 or EAAT4 expression, mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) activation and inflammation, respectively. Of note, Ser or Glu transport were inhibited after SNAT2 silencing or EAAT4 silencing, resulting in inhibition of mTORC1 pathway activation, and inflammation compared with the APEC XM infection group. Moreover, pEGFP-SNAT2 overexpression and pEGFP-EAAT4 overexpression in bEnd.3 cells all could promote amino acid uptake, activation of the mTORC1 pathway and inflammation during infection. We further found mTORC1 silencing could inhibit inflammation, the expression of SNAT2 and EAAT4, and amino acid uptake. Taken together, our results demonstrated that APEC TW-XM infection can induce Ser or Glu uptake depending on amino acid transporters transportation, and then activate amino acid-mTORC1 pathway to induce inflammation in bEnd.3 cells.     

利用MODIS和MISR资料对APEC会议期间气溶胶时空分布特征的分析

利用卫星遥感的MODIS和MISR数据,对比分析了2014年亚太经合组织（APEC）会议期间（11月3日~12日）及其前后一个月的气溶胶时空分布特征。分析发现APEC会议期间的气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical depth, AOD）相比APEC会议前期,在京津冀地区有明显减小,MODIS（MISR）数据显示在京津冀地区AOD减小了38.7%（36.4%）,在北京地区减小更多,减小了64.6%（39.9%）。Angstrom指数在京津冀地区的廊坊、保定、衡水等大部分城市,APEC会议期间的Angstrom指数相对前期较小,说明其在APEC会议期间气溶胶粒子的有效半径相对较大。APEC会议期间的细模态气溶胶光学厚度相比APEC会议前期也有所减小,且在北京地区细模态气溶胶光学厚度的下降幅度要大于粗模态气溶胶的下降幅度。     

An evaluation of energy-environment-economic efficiency for EU,APEC and ASEAN countries: Design of a Target-Oriented DFM model with fixed factors in Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper aims to offer an advanced assessment methodology for sustainable national energy-environment-economic efficiency strategies, based on an extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The use of novel efficiency-improving approaches based on DEA originates from the so-called Distance Friction Minimisation (DFM) method. To design a feasible improvement strategy for low-efficiency DMUs, we develop here a Target-Oriented (TO) DFM model. However, in many real-world cases input factors may not be flexibly adjusted in the short run. In this study, we integrate the TO-DFM model with a fixed (inflexible) factor (FF) approach to cope with such more realistic circumstances. Super-efficiency DEA is next used in our comparative study on the efficiency assessment of energy-environment-economic targets for the EU, APEC and ASEAN (A&A) countries, employing appropriate data sets from the years 2003 to 2012. We consider two inputs (primary energy consumption and population) and two outputs (CO₂ and GDP), including a fixed input factor (viz. population). On the basis of our DEA analysis results, EU countries appear to exhibit generally a higher efficiency than A&A countries. The above-mentioned TO-DFM-FF projection model is able to address realistic circumstances and requirements in an operational sustainability strategy for efficiency improvement in inefficient countries in the A&A region.     

APEC期间河北省大气污染及PM_(2.5)来源变化特征

研究包括京津冀地区在内的13个城市APEC会议前、中、后三时段的大气污染特征,并通过PM_(2.5)采集和成分分析,对不同时段PM_(2.5)的来源进行解析。结果显示:与APEC会议前相比,APEC期间北京、石家庄、承德、廊坊、邢台、张家口、邯郸、唐山、天津、衡水、沧州、秦皇岛和保定的PM_(2.5)分别下降了58.7%、52.9%、50.1%、47.3%、43.5%、36.7%、34.9%、33.4%、29.6%、26.9%、20.2%、19.9%和12.8%,平均降低了35.9%,高于SO2、NO_2和CO的浓度降低比例(分别为17.5%、21.3%和22.0%);与APEC会议前相比,APEC期间邯郸市的NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+分别降低了32.0%、32.9%和39.1%;APEC会议前和APEC期间PM_(2.5)的来源变化不大,会议后,燃煤/生物质燃烧源、冶金、燃油源上升至21.7%、14.0%和20.8%,而扬尘源、工业源、二次源降至12.6%、11.8%和19.2%。