Feasibility study of absolute activity measurement with metallic magnetic microcalorimeters

We report on a feasibility study on precise determination of mass-specific activity of low-energy emitting radioisotopes. Conventional methods of activity measurement suffer from source self-absorption and a strong decrease in detection efficiency for low-energy electrons and photons. We propose a new method based on metallic magnetic microcalorimeters with the source embedded in the detector target in a 4π geometry. First results with a ⁵⁵Fe source show that electrons and photons are detected with a detection efficiency close to unity and with little loss of energy for electrons. The aim of this study is to provide standards of activity with very low uncertainties in the framework of radiation metrology.     

Transition to turbulence in rotating-disk boundary layers—convective and absolute instabilities

This work is an experimental study of mechanisms for transition to turbulence in the boundary layer on a rotating disk. In one case, the focus was on a triad resonance between pairs of traveling cross-flow modes and a stationary cross-flow mode. The other was on the temporal growth of traveling modes through a linear absolute instability mechanism first discovered by Lingwood (1995, J Fluid Mech 314:373–405). Both research directions made use of methods for introducing controlled initial disturbances. One used a distributed array of ink dots placed on the disk surface to enhance a narrow band of azimuthal and radial wave numbers of both stationary and traveling modes. The size of the dots was small so that the disturbances they produce were linear. Another approach introduced temporal disturbances by a short-duration air pulse from a hypodermic tube located above the disk and outside the boundary layer. Hot-wire sensors primarily sensitive to the azimuthal velocity component, were positioned at different spatial (r,θ) locations on the disk to document the growth of disturbances. Spatial correlation measurements were used with two simultaneous sensors to obtain wavenumber vectors. Cross-bicoherence was used to identify three-frequency phase locking. Ensemble averages conditioned on the air pulses revealed wave packets that evolved in time and space. The space–time evolution of the leading and trailing edges of the wave packets were followed past the critical radius for the absolute instability, r _{c A} . With documented linear amplitudes, the spreading of the disturbance wave packets did not continue to grow in time as r _{c A} was approached. Rather, the spreading of the trailing edge of the wave packet decelerated and asymptotically approached a constant. This result supports the linear DNS simulations of Davies and Carpenter (2003, J Fluid Mech 486:287–329) who concluded that the absolute instability mechanism does not result in a global mode, and that linear-disturbance wave packets are dominated by the convective instability. In contrast, wave-number matching between traveling cross-flow modes confirmed a triad resonance that lead to the growth of a low azimuthal number (n = 4) stationary mode. At transition, this mode had the largest amplitude. Signs of this mechanism can be found in past flow visualization of transition to turbulence in rotating disk flows.     

气体泄漏检测方法及其工程应用

简要介绍了气动技术中常见的气体泄漏检测方法。其中详细介绍了绝对压力检测法的理论基础。可供工程应用参考。     

基于H.264编码域的显著运动检测算法

视频监控中运动目标检测算法易受背景、噪声等因素的影响,导致运动检测准确性降低。针对该问题,提出一种基于H.264编码域的显著运动目标检测改进算法。该算法基于编码过程中帧间运动预测模块输出像素值的绝对差值和,计算其标准差以作为运动判据,同时自适应设置运动判断阈值,以降低背景和噪声的影响。实验结果表明,相比于传统的低复杂度算法,该算法能有效降低背景和噪声等因素的影响,提高显著运动目标的检测准确性。相比于传统的运动检测算法,该算法保持了计算复杂度低的特点,算法复杂度仅为帧间差分法的18.3%,更适用于实时性要求高的监控系统。     

正则稀疏化的多因子量化选股策略

针对高维度数据集特征之间的复杂性,而传统的L1惩罚项不满足Oracle性质的无偏性,将逻辑回归弹性网（LR-Elastic Net）中的L1惩罚项替换为SCAD（Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation）和MCP（Minimax Concave Penalty）惩罚项,分别构建了LR-SCAD和LR-MCP模型,在保留稀疏性的同时满足了无偏性,并利用ADMM（Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers）算法进行求解。通过模拟实验发现,LR-Elastic Net模型能很好地处理特征存在相关性的小样本数据,而LR-SCAD和LR-MCP模型在特征存在相关性的大样本数据中表现较好;建立LR-Elastic Net、LR-SCAD和LR-MCP策略,并应用于沪深300指数成分股数据。回测结果显示,LR-SCAD和LR-MCP策略在股票相关性很强的数据中比LR-Elastic Net策略表现更好。     

Comparing interpolation techniques for monthly rainfall mapping using multiple evaluation criteria and auxiliary data sources: A case study of Sri Lanka

Interpolating climatic variables such as rainfall is challenging due to the highly variable nature of meteorological processes, the effects of terrain and geography, and the difficulty in establishing a representative network of stations. While interpolation models are being adapted to include these effects, often the rainfall data contain significant gaps in coverage. In this paper, we evaluated rainfall data from an agro-ecological monitoring network for producing maps of total monthly rainfall in Sri Lanka. We compared four spatial interpolation techniques: inverse distance weighting, thin-plate splines, ordinary kriging, and Bayesian kriging. Error metrics were used to validate interpolations against independent data. Satellite data were used to assess the spatial pattern of rainfall. Results indicated that Bayesian kriging and splines performed best in low and high rainfall, respectively. Rainfall maps generated from the agro-ecological network were found to have accuracies consistent with previous studies in Sri Lanka.     

基于H.264码率控制的模型参数更新算法

为获得精确的模型参数,从率点选择和模型参数估计2个方面对H.264码率控制算法加以改进,利用一种基于曼哈顿和二维滑动窗口机制相结合的策略,实现高效的率点选择算法,采用加权的线性回归技术,实现有效的模型参数预测。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能改善视频编码质量,提高输出码率的控制精度。     

基于绝对最小Lipschitz延拓的图像编码算法

提出一种基于图像水平集绝对最小Lipschitz延拓(AMLE)的图像编码方法。该算法在原有AMLE算法的基础上,保留图像水平集的边界数据,采用逐层处理方法实现图像重构。实验结果表明,其峰值信噪比高于原有AMLE算法,取得了更好的视觉效果。     

基于GPS射频模拟信号源的无人机导航系统研究

为了在室内验证卫星导航功能,采用飞机模型计算机、GPS硬件仿真器和GPS射频模拟信号源,提出了一种模拟卫星动态绝对定位的设计思想;根据导航计算需要,对系统中涉及到的不同坐标系进行转换;搭建半物理仿真平台,给出无人机自主导航的验证方案;仿真结果表明,基于GPS射频模拟信号源的无人机导航验证方法切实可行,导航系统具有良好的稳定性。     

Computing monodromy via continuation methods on random Riemann surfaces

We consider a Riemann surface X defined by a polynomial f(x,y) of degree d, whose coefficients are chosen randomly. Hence, we can suppose that X is smooth, that the discriminant δ(x) of f has d(d−1) simple roots, Δ, and that δ(0)≠0, i.e. the corresponding fiber has d distinct points {y₁,…,y_d}. When we lift a loop 0∈γ⊂C−Δ by a continuation method, we get d paths in X connecting {y₁,…,y_d}, hence defining a permutation of that set. This is called monodromy.Here we present experimentations in Maple to get statistics on the distribution of transpositions corresponding to loops around each point of Δ. Multiplying families of “neighbor” transpositions, we construct permutations and the subgroups of the symmetric group they generate. This allows us to establish and study experimentally two conjectures on the distribution of these transpositions and on transitivity of the generated subgroups.Assuming that these two conjectures are true, we develop tools allowing fast probabilistic algorithms for absolute multivariate polynomial factorization, under the hypothesis that the factors behave like random polynomials whose coefficients follow uniform distributions.