凡纳滨对虾优势腐败菌鉴定及其致腐能力的初步研究

分析鉴定了凡纳滨对虾0℃与20℃贮藏条件下的菌相组成与优势腐败菌,并对优势腐败菌16SrDNA、生长动力学、致腐能力与菌落数的变化进行了测定。结果表明,0℃与20℃贮藏条件下,对虾优势腐败菌分别是希瓦氏菌(30%)、不动杆菌(16.7%)与希瓦氏菌(46.5%)、发光杆菌(17.7%)。7℃条件下,将一定浓度的希瓦氏菌与不动杆菌菌悬液接种到无菌对虾上,结果显示接种希瓦氏菌的样品其腐败代谢产物产量因子YTVB-N/CFU、YTMA/CFU分别为12.44×10-9、6.193×10-10,而接种不动杆菌的样品其YTVB-N/CFU、YTMA/CFU分别为8.937×10-9、5.548×10-10。结果表明,7℃条件下,希瓦氏菌的致腐能力强于不动杆菌,希瓦氏菌在对虾腐败过程中占主导作用,其分析结果与对虾菌相组成的鉴定结果相一致。     

2,2′-oxo-1,1′-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye (Secale cereale L.) allelochemical in field soils byAcinetobacter calcoaceticus: III

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone (BOA) to 2,2-oxo-1,1-azobenzene (AZOB). Experiments were conducted to evaluate the transformation of BOA to AZOB by this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. Transformation studies with soils inoculated withA. calcoaceticus indicated that the production of AZOB increased linearly with the concentration of BOA in sterile soil and showed a quadratic trend in nonsterile soils. This also indicated that all soil types studied for the transformation experiments might containA. calcoaceticus capable of the conversion of benzoxazolinones.     

Determination of assimilable organic carbon (aoc) in ozonated water with acinetobacter calcoaceticus

The effect of ozone application in drinking water on the production of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was evaluated. The typical procedure to determine AOC is suggested by van der Kooij, which is the method of bacterial growth measurement by colony‐forming units using the strain P17 and/or NOX. The bacterial indicator species used for this study is Acinetobacter calcoaceticus which was isolated and identified while ozonating Nakdong river water. This strain could never be isolated from the raw water, but this strain was the predominant isolate in the ozonated water. Within a short incubation time, this organism was found to replicate well on acetate and oxalate as the sole carbon sources. The yield coefficients of this organism for acetate and oxalate are the same order of magnitude as the value of P17 and NOX. With full‐scale experiments, A. calcoaceticus concentration was found to increase after ozonation, but did not decrease upon chlorination. In laboratory‐scale experiments with Yongsan river water, aldehyes were found to be produced in proportion to the ozone dose. The raw water contains low concentrations of aldehydes, but has a high AOC concentration. A correlation between aldehyde production and AOC production was observed in the tested water with ozonation.     

玉米赤霉烯酮降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解酶初步提取

该实验采用富集培养的方法从土壤中筛选出有效降解玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone,ZEN）的菌株。初筛采用ZEN涂布至无机盐培养基作为唯一碳源,复筛是以菌株的发酵液对ZEN的降解率作为评价指标,得到一株菌株A.lwoffi.Haut.1,其发酵液在37 ℃下与5 μg/mL ZEN共培养48 h,降解率高达93.54%。经16S rDNA基因测序分析、生理生化实验和菌落形态观察初步对菌株进行鉴定,并对该菌株的降解活性物质进行初步定位,最终探究丹宁-聚乙二醇法和盐沉法对无细胞上清液进行粗降解酶的提取效果。结果表明,该菌株鉴定判断为鲁氏不动杆菌（Acinetobacter lwoffii）;该菌株的无细胞上清液的降解率最高为82.31%,无细胞上清液经加热处理、蛋白酶K处理和蛋白酶K+SDS处理后,降解率分别为20.10%、41.67%和18.68%,说明降解活性物质主要为胞外酶;当单宁浓度为15 mg/mL,聚乙二醇溶液浓度为10 mg/mL,提出的酶液降解率为64.33%,而盐沉法加入60%硫酸铵提出的粗酶液降解率为20.30%,因此,单宁聚乙二醇法提取降解酶效果更好。该研究为菌株降解ZEN的作用机理提供了研究基础,也为生物降解ZEN提供了新的研究材料。     

Remediation of phenol-contaminated soil by a bacterial consortium and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant

Time-course performance of a phenol-degrading indigenous bacterial consortium, and of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, isolated from an industrial coal wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. This bacterial consortium was able to survive in the presence of phenol concentrations as high as 1200mgL(-1) and the consortium was more fast in degrading phenol than a pure culture of the A. calcoaceticus strain. In a batch system, 86% of phenol biodegradation occurred in around 30h at pH 6.0, while at pH 3.0, 95.2% of phenol biodegradation occurred in 8h. A high phenol biodegradation (above 95%) by the mixed culture in a bioreactor was obtained in both continuous and batch systems, but when test was carried out in coke gasification wastewater, no biodegradation was observed after 10 days at pH 9-11 for both pure strain or the isolated consortium. An activated sludge with the same bacterial consortium characterized above was mixed with a textile sludge-contaminated soil with a phenol concentration of 19.48mgkg(-1). After 20 days of bioaugmentation, the remanescent phenol concentration of the sludge-soil matrix was 1.13mgkg(-1).